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"abstract": "We surveyed for Least Bell\u2019s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus;\u00a0vireo) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax\u00a0traillii extimus; flycatcher) along the San Luis Rey River,\u00a0between College Boulevard in Oceanside and Interstate 15 in\u00a0Fallbrook, California (middle San Luis Rey River), in 2018.\u00a0Surveys were conducted from April 17 to July 16 (vireo) and\u00a0from May 16 to July 27 (flycatcher). We found 148 vireo\u00a0territories, at least 90 of which were occupied by pairs. Six\u00a0additional transient vireos were detected. Vireos used six\u00a0different habitat types in the survey area: mixed willow,\u00a0willow-cottonwood, riparian scrub, willow-sycamore, upland\u00a0scrub, and non-native habitat. Forty-one percent of the vireos\u00a0were detected in habitat characterized as mixed willow, and\u00a097 percent of the vireos were detected in habitat with greater\u00a0than 50 percent native plant cover. Of 10 banded vireos\u00a0detected in the survey area, 5 had been given full color-band\u00a0combinations prior to 2018. Four other vireos with single\u00a0(natal) federal bands were recaptured, identified, and color\u00a0banded in 2018. One vireo with a single dark blue federal\u00a0band, indicating that it was banded as a nestling on the lower\u00a0San Luis Rey River, could not be recaptured for identification.\u00a0One resident flycatcher and eight transient flycatchers\u00a0of unknown subspecies were observed in the survey area\u00a0in 2018. The resident flycatcher (male) was detected in a\u00a0territory of mixed willow habitat with greater than 95 percent\u00a0native plant cover. He was detected as a single male from\u00a0May 24 to July 17, 2018, and no evidence of pairing or\u00a0nesting was observed. The male flycatcher, detected with\u00a0a single natal band, was recaptured, identified, and given a\u00a0unique color combination in 2018. The male flycatcher was\u00a0originally banded as a nestling on the middle San Luis Rey\u00a0River in 2016. The eight transient flycatchers were detected\u00a0from May 25 to June 8, 2018, in mixed willow riparian,\u00a0willow-cottonwood, and riparian scrub habitat with greater\u00a0than 95 percent native plant cover.",
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