{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series",
"name": "Workflow for using unmanned aircraft systems and traditional geospatial data to delineate agricultural drainage tiles at edge-of-field sites",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "sir20215013",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20215013"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70221138
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3133/sir20215013",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215013"
}
],
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Scientific Investigations Report"
}
],
"datePublished": "2021",
"dateModified": "2021-06-04",
"abstract": "Managing nutrient and sediment runoff from fields that drain to the Great Lakes is key to mitigating harmful algal blooms. Implementation of best management practices on agricultural land is considered a critical step to improving water quality in these streams, however the effect of these best management practices is difficult to quantify. The purpose of this study was to use a suite of high-resolution imagery acquired with unmanned aircraft systems (including a combination of visible, multispectral, and thermal cameras) to better characterize edge-of-field (EOF) sites in Michigan and Wisconsin that are monitored in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This high-resolution imagery (2.5\u201312-centimeter ground resolution) was used to delineate artificial subsurface drainage (tile-drain) networks and surface water flow paths that indicate contributing areas (that is, all area that drains to a monitored point) at these EOF sites, providing better characterization of each study site. Contributing areas for these sites ranged from 2.86 to 5.07 hectares and, among the sites, tile drains were identified as those that followed soil properties and those that were more densely patterned networks. These surveys also indicated that the contributing area monitored at the EOF sites may cross field boundaries and is not always coincident with the area underlain by subsurface drainage.",
"description": "Report: vii, 18 p.; Data Releases: 4",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Webber, J. Jeremy",
"givenName": "J. Jeremy",
"familyName": "Webber",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-2512-2448",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-2448"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Williamson, Tanja N. tnwillia@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Tanja N.",
"familyName": "Williamson",
"email": "tnwillia@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-7639-8495",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8495"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water"
}
]
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water"
}
],
"spatialCoverage": [
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "country",
"name": "United States",
"url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "Indiana"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "Michigan"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "Ohio"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "Wisconsin"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"geo": [
{
"@type": "GeoShape",
"additionalProperty": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"name": "GeoJSON",
"value": {
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
-88.330078125,
44.53567453241317
],
[
-88.35342407226562,
44.39257961837961
],
[
-88.24218749999999,
44.28453670601888
],
[
-88.1048583984375,
44.43377984606822
],
[
-88.1048583984375,
44.49650533109348
],
[
-88.19961547851562,
44.5278427984555
],
[
-88.330078125,
44.53567453241317
]
]
]
}
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
-88.2147216796875,
44.29141809546585
],
[
-87.91259765625,
44.276671273775186
],
[
-87.989501953125,
44.465151013519616
],
[
-88.099365234375,
44.465151013519616
],
[
-88.2147216796875,
44.29141809546585
]
]
]
}
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
-87.89199829101561,
44.58068656459206
],
[
-87.76290893554688,
44.50238238974582
],
[
-87.6544189453125,
44.54742015866826
],
[
-87.53082275390625,
44.71941709214609
],
[
-87.6708984375,
44.761361583580005
],
[
-87.8192138671875,
44.653024159812
],
[
-87.89199829101561,
44.58068656459206
]
]
]
}
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
-84.0234375,
42.76314586689492
],
[
-83.49609375,
42.76314586689492
],
[
-83.49609375,
43.229195113965005
],
[
-84.0234375,
43.229195113965005
],
[
-84.0234375,
42.76314586689492
]
]
]
}
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
-85.10009765625,
40.96330795307353
],
[
-84.7705078125,
40.96330795307353
],
[
-84.7705078125,
41.393294288784865
],
[
-85.10009765625,
41.393294288784865
],
[
-85.10009765625,
40.96330795307353
]
]
]
}
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
-84.1552734375,
40.613952441166596
],
[
-83.75976562499999,
40.613952441166596
],
[
-83.75976562499999,
40.9964840143779
],
[
-84.1552734375,
40.9964840143779
],
[
-84.1552734375,
40.613952441166596
]
]
]
}
}
]
}
}
},
{
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
"latitude": 44.43100339778347,
"longitude": -88.23568974059934
},
{
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
"latitude": 44.36042427785868,
"longitude": -88.05480580337411
},
{
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
"latitude": 44.63208419920954,
"longitude": -87.70881212331972
},
{
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
"latitude": 42.996170490429954,
"longitude": -83.759765625
},
{
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
"latitude": 41.1783011209292,
"longitude": -84.93530273437501
},
{
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
"latitude": 40.80521822777225,
"longitude": -83.95751953125
}
]
}
]
}
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"First": [
0
],
"posted": [
1
],
"June": [
2
],
"3,": [
3
],
"2021": [
4
],
"For": [
5
],
"additional": [
6
],
"information,": [
7
],
"contact:": [
8
],
"Director,": [
9
],
"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana": [
10
],
"Water": [
11
],
"Science": [
12
],
"Center": [
13
],
"U.S.": [
14
],
"Geological": [
15
],
"Survey": [
16
],
"5957": [
17
],
"Lakeside": [
18
],
"Boulevard": [
19
],
"Indianapolis,": [
20
],
"IN": [
21
],
"46278": [
22
],
"Managing": [
23
],
"nutrient": [
24
],
"and": [
25,
99,
110,
138,
193,
218
],
"sediment": [
26
],
"runoff": [
27
],
"from": [
28,
174
],
"fields": [
29
],
"that": [
30,
112,
143,
151,
189,
195,
205
],
"drain": [
31
],
"to": [
32,
38,
56,
73,
81,
102,
131,
153,
176
],
"the": [
33,
64,
118,
181,
206,
211,
224
],
"Great": [
34,
119
],
"Lakes": [
35,
120
],
"is": [
36,
51,
71,
219
],
"key": [
37
],
"mitigating": [
39
],
"harmful": [
40
],
"algal": [
41
],
"blooms.": [
42
],
"Implementation": [
43
],
"of": [
44,
66,
77,
85,
96,
164
],
"best": [
45,
68
],
"management": [
46,
69
],
"practices": [
47,
70
],
"on": [
48
],
"agricultural": [
49
],
"land": [
50
],
"considered": [
52
],
"a": [
53,
83,
94,
154
],
"critical": [
54
],
"step": [
55
],
"improving": [
57
],
"water": [
58,
140
],
"quality": [
59
],
"in": [
60,
108,
115
],
"these": [
61,
67,
158,
171
],
"streams,": [
62
],
"however": [
63
],
"effect": [
65
],
"difficult": [
72
],
"quantify.": [
74
],
"The": [
75
],
"purpose": [
76
],
"this": [
78
],
"study": [
79,
166
],
"was": [
80,
129
],
"use": [
82
],
"suite": [
84
],
"high-resolution": [
86,
124
],
"imagery": [
87,
125
],
"acquired": [
88
],
"with": [
89,
117,
223
],
"unmanned": [
90
],
"aircraft": [
91
],
"systems": [
92
],
"(including": [
93
],
"combination": [
95
],
"visible,": [
97
],
"multispectral,": [
98
],
"thermal": [
100
],
"cameras)": [
101
],
"better": [
103,
162
],
"characterize": [
104
],
"edge-of-field": [
105
],
"(EOF)": [
106
],
"sites": [
107,
172,
213
],
"Michigan": [
109
],
"Wisconsin": [
111
],
"are": [
113
],
"monitored": [
114,
155,
209
],
"cooperation": [
116
],
"Restoration": [
121
],
"Initiative.": [
122
],
"This": [
123
],
"(2.5\u201312-centimeter": [
126
],
"ground": [
127
],
"resolution)": [
128
],
"used": [
130
],
"delineate": [
132
],
"artificial": [
133
],
"subsurface": [
134,
228
],
"drainage": [
135
],
"(tile-drain)": [
136
],
"networks": [
137
],
"surface": [
139
],
"flow": [
141
],
"paths": [
142
],
"indicate": [
144
],
"contributing": [
145,
207
],
"areas": [
146,
169
],
"(that": [
147
],
"is,": [
148
],
"all": [
149
],
"area": [
150,
208,
225
],
"drains": [
152,
184
],
"point)": [
156
],
"at": [
157,
210
],
"EOF": [
159,
212
],
"sites,": [
160,
182
],
"providing": [
161
],
"characterization": [
163
],
"each": [
165
],
"site.": [
167
],
"Contributing": [
168
],
"for": [
170
],
"ranged": [
173
],
"2.86": [
175
],
"5.07": [
177
],
"hectares": [
178
],
"and,": [
179
],
"among": [
180
],
"tile": [
183
],
"were": [
185,
196
],
"identified": [
186
],
"as": [
187
],
"those": [
188,
194
],
"followed": [
190
],
"soil": [
191
],
"properties": [
192
],
"more": [
197
],
"densely": [
198
],
"patterned": [
199
],
"networks.": [
200
],
"These": [
201
],
"surveys": [
202
],
"also": [
203
],
"indicated": [
204
],
"may": [
214
],
"cross": [
215
],
"field": [
216
],
"boundaries": [
217
],
"not": [
220
],
"always": [
221
],
"coincident": [
222
],
"underlain": [
226
],
"by": [
227
],
"drainage.": [
229
]
},
"apc_list": null,
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029890618",
"display_name": "J. Jeremy Webber",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-2448"
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "J. Jeremy Webber",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058342180",
"display_name": "Tanja N. Williamson",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8495"
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Tanja N. Williamson",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
}
],
"best_oa_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215013",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5013/sir20215013.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
"display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
"issn_l": "2328-0328",
"issn": [
"2328-0328",
"2328-031X",
"2332-5607"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Geological Survey",
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
},
"biblio": {
"volume": null,
"issue": null,
"first_page": null,
"last_page": null
},
"citation_normalized_percentile": {
"value": 0.555906,
"is_in_top_1_percent": false,
"is_in_top_10_percent": false
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3168809668",
"cited_by_count": 2,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 70,
"max": 75
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c155663071",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56875480",
"display_name": "Tile drainage",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7210643,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c39432304",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.63943464,
"qid": "Q166085"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c76886044",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300",
"display_name": "Hydrology (agriculture)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6270156,
"qid": "Q161210"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c67592535",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320",
"display_name": "Drainage",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5283426,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c9770341",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983",
"display_name": "Geospatial analysis",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4448177,
"qid": "Q158830"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c2780797713",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376",
"display_name": "Water quality",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43930757,
"qid": "Q159335"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c62649853",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687",
"display_name": "Remote sensing",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40659755,
"qid": "Q158877"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c127313418",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
"display_name": "Geology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.2746758,
"qid": "Q158984"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c159750122",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023",
"display_name": "Soil water",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.22671875,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c159390177",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265",
"display_name": "Soil science",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.09654984,
"qid": "Q166157"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c18903297",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
"display_name": "Ecology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.09274116,
"qid": "Q158972"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c86803240",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
"display_name": "Biology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q158998"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c187320778",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q226247"
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [],
"countries_distinct_count": 0,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2023,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2022,
"cited_by_count": 1
}
],
"created_date": "2021-06-22",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "Workflow for using unmanned aircraft systems and traditional geospatial data to delineate agricultural drainage tiles at edge-of-field sites",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215013",
"fulltext_origin": "pdf",
"fwci": 0.223,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": true,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W3168809668",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3168809668",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215013",
"mag": "3168809668"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 0,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tile-drainage",
"display_name": "Tile drainage",
"score": 0.7210643
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-degradation",
"display_name": "Soil Degradation",
"score": 0.4966
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215013",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5013/sir20215013.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
"display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
"issn_l": "2328-0328",
"issn": [
"2328-0328",
"2328-031X",
"2332-5607"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Geological Survey",
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
}
],
"locations_count": 1,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W3168809668/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5013/sir20215013.pdf",
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215013",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5013/sir20215013.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
"display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
"issn_l": "2328-0328",
"issn": [
"2328-0328",
"2328-031X",
"2332-5607"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Geological Survey",
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11311",
"display_name": "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems",
"score": 0.9923,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
"display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2021-01-01",
"publication_year": 2021,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W1985254365",
"https://openalex.org/W2027254180",
"https://openalex.org/W2727973193",
"https://openalex.org/W2766131144",
"https://openalex.org/W2854066731",
"https://openalex.org/W2915497135",
"https://openalex.org/W3003766753"
],
"referenced_works_count": 7,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4213272904",
"https://openalex.org/W3012114054",
"https://openalex.org/W2902246470",
"https://openalex.org/W2536619368",
"https://openalex.org/W2384860961",
"https://openalex.org/W2158153274",
"https://openalex.org/W2131078080",
"https://openalex.org/W1973386406",
"https://openalex.org/W1968243713",
"https://openalex.org/W1963547043"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6",
"display_name": "Clean water and sanitation",
"score": 0.54
}
],
"title": "Workflow for using unmanned aircraft systems and traditional geospatial data to delineate agricultural drainage tiles at edge-of-field sites",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11311",
"display_name": "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems",
"score": 0.9923,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
"display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10302",
"display_name": "Importance and Conservation of Freshwater Biodiversity",
"score": 0.986,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309",
"display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10889",
"display_name": "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability",
"score": 0.9821,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1111",
"display_name": "Soil Science"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11",
"display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
"display_name": "Life Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-09T10:21:25.573208",
"versions": [],
"qid": "Q56138"
}
}