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"name": "System characterization report on the Amaz\u00f4nia-1 multispectral sensor",
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"abstract": "Executive SummaryThis report addresses system characterization of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Amaz\u00f4nia-1 satellite and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.Amaz\u00f4nia-1 is a four-band imager with a 64-meter (m) pixel ground sample distance. Amaz\u00f4nia-1 was launched in February 2021 into a Sun-synchronous orbit of 752 kilometers with an inclination of 98.4 degrees and a swath width of 850 kilometers. The satellite has an expected lifetime of about 4 years. More information on Amaz\u00f4nia-1 is available in the \u201cLand Remote Sensing Satellites Online Compendium\u201d (https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/apps/compendium) and from the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais website (http://www.inpe.br/amazonia1/en/about_satellite/).The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that the Amaz\u00f4nia-1 satellite has an interior geometric performance in the range of \u22123.584 m (\u22120.056 pixel) to 0.320 m (0.005 pixel) in easting and \u22121.984 m (\u22120.031 pixel) to 2.048 m (0.032 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric performance of \u221237.256 m (\u22120.621 pixel) to 54.758 m (0.913 pixel) in easting and \u221212.684 m (\u22120.211 pixel) to 54.898 m (0.915 pixel) in northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of 0.030 to 0.143 in offset and 0.662 to 0.825 in slope, and a spatial performance in the range of 1.62 to 2.06 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.062 to 0.115.",
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