{
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"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Thermal constraints to the sporogonic development and altitudinal distribution of avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in Hawai'i",
"identifier": [
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"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70200648",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70200648"
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"value": 70200648
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"value": "10.1645/GE-2290.1",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2290.1"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Journal of Parasitology",
"volumeNumber": "96",
"issueNumber": "2"
},
"inLanguage": "en",
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"name": "Journal of Parasitology"
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],
"datePublished": "2010",
"dateModified": "2020-10-22",
"abstract": "More than half of the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae) known from historical records are now extinct. Introduced mosquito-borne disease, in particular the avian malaria\u00a0Plasmodium relictum, has been incriminated as a leading cause of extinction during the 20th century and a major limiting factor in the recovery of remaining species populations. Today, most native Hawaiian bird species reach their highest densities and diversity in high elevation (>1,800\u00a0m above sea level) forests. We determined the thermal requirements for sporogonic development of\u00a0P. relictum\u00a0in the natural vector,\u00a0Culex quinquefasciatus, and assessed the current distribution of native bird species in light of this information. Sporogonic development was completed at constant laboratory and mean field temperatures between 30 and 17\u00a0C, but development, prevalence, and intensity decreased significantly below 21\u00a0C. Using a degree-day (DD) model, we estimated a minimum threshold temperature of 12.97\u00a0C and a thermal requirement of 86.2 DD as necessary to complete development. Predicted (adiabatic lapse-rate) and observed summer threshold isotherm (13\u00a0C) correspond to the elevation of high forest refuges on the islands of Maui and Hawai'i. Our data support the hypothesis that avian malaria currently restricts the altitudinal distribution of Hawaiian honeycreeper populations and provide an ecological explanation for the absence of disease at high elevation.",
"description": "7 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "American Society of Parasitologists"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Lapointe, Dennis dlapointe@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Dennis",
"familyName": "Lapointe",
"email": "dlapointe@usgs.gov",
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"value": "0000-0002-6323-263X",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-263X"
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"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/pacific-island-ecosystems-research-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Goff, M.L.",
"givenName": "M.L.",
"familyName": "Goff"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Atkinson, Carter T. catkinson@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Carter T.",
"familyName": "Atkinson",
"email": "catkinson@usgs.gov",
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"name": "Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/pacific-island-ecosystems-research-center"
},
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"@type": "Organization",
"name": "California Water Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
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"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pacific-islands-water-science-center"
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"name": "Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/pacific-island-ecosystems-research-center"
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"name": "United States",
"url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
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"name": "Hawaii"
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