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We analyze olivine-hosted melt and\u00a0fluid inclusions\u00a0to determine magma storage depths during the explosive-era Keanak\u0101ko\u02bbi Tephra eruptions (\u223c1500\u20131840 CE) and compare these results to modern effusive-era K\u012blauea eruptions (1959 K\u012blauea Iki, 1960 Kapoho, 2018 lower East Rift Zone). We find that shallow (1\u20133 km) magma storage has persisted for centuries at K\u012blauea, spanning both explosive and effusive periods. In contrast, mid-crustal zones of magma storage shallowed over time, from 5 to 8 km during the Keanak\u0101ko\u02bbi sequence to 3\u20135 km during the modern effusive period. Melt and fluid inclusions in high-forsterite olivine (Fo86\u201389) trapped at shallow depths indicate that high-temperature magmas (1200 to \u223c1300 \u00b0C) commonly reach depths of \u22643 km. CO2-rich fluid inclusions are present in olivine from all investigated K\u012blauea eruptions but are larger and much more abundant in Keanak\u0101ko\u02bbi units, which we interpret as indicating that a greater volume fraction of exsolved CO2-rich fluid was present in pre-eruptive Keanak\u0101ko\u02bbi melts. Increased amounts of CO2-rich fluids in the Keanak\u0101ko\u02bbi-era magmas would have increased magma buoyancy and driven rapid magma ascent, thereby increasing eruption energy and enhancing near-surface magma-water interactions compared to the current effusive period.", "description": "118579", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Elsevier" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Lerner, Allan", "givenName": "Allan", "familyName": "Lerner", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-7208-1493", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-1493" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Bodnar, Robert J.", "givenName": "Robert J.", "familyName": "Bodnar", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Virginia Tech" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Wallace, Paul J.", "givenName": "Paul J.", "familyName": "Wallace" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sublett Jr., D. 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