{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "The map as knowledge base", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70196844", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70196844" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70196844 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1080/23729333.2017.1421004", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2017.1421004" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "International Journal of Cartography", "volumeNumber": "4", "issueNumber": "2" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "International Journal of Cartography" } ], "datePublished": "2018", "dateModified": "2019-01-30", "abstract": "This paper examines the concept and implementation of a map as a knowledge base. A map as a knowledge base means that the visual map is not only the descriptive compilation of data and design principles, but also involves a compilation of semantic propositions and logical predicates that create a body of knowledge organized as a map. The digital product of a map as knowledge base can be interpreted by machines, as well as humans, and can provide access to the knowledge base through interfaces to select features and other information from the map. The design of maps as a knowledge base involves technical approaches and a system architecture to support a knowledge base. This paper clarifies how a map as a knowledge base differs from earlier map theory models by investigating the knowledge-based concepts of implementation through logical modelling, a knowledge repository, user interfaces for information access, and cartographic visualization. The paper ends with proof of concepts for two types of cartographic data query.", "description": "23 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Taylor & Francis" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Varanka, Dalia E. dvaranka@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Dalia E.", "familyName": "Varanka", "email": "dvaranka@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-2857-9600", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cegis" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "NGTOC Rolla", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/national-geospatial-technical-operations-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Usery, E. Lynn", "givenName": "E. Lynn", "familyName": "Usery", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2766-2173", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Geospatial Program", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/national-geospatial-program" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cegis" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "NGTOC Rolla", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/national-geospatial-technical-operations-center" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "_id": "https://openalex.org/w2804812214", "abstract_inverted_index": { "This": [ 0, 114 ], "paper": [ 1, 115, 152 ], "examines": [ 2 ], "the": [ 3, 22, 28, 80, 92, 132 ], "concept": [ 4 ], "and": [ 5, 33, 44, 75, 88, 105, 148 ], "implementation": [ 6, 136 ], "of": [ 7, 31, 41, 51, 60, 96, 135, 156, 161 ], "a": [ 8, 11, 17, 39, 49, 55, 61, 99, 106, 111, 118, 121, 140 ], "map": [ 9, 15, 24, 62, 119, 127 ], "as": [ 10, 16, 54, 63, 71, 73, 98, 120 ], "knowledge": [ 12, 18, 52, 64, 81, 100, 112, 122, 141 ], "base.": [ 13, 113 ], "A": [ 14 ], "base": [ 19, 65, 82, 101, 123 ], "means": [ 20 ], "that": [ 21, 47 ], "visual": [ 23 ], "is": [ 25 ], "not": [ 26 ], "only": [ 27 ], "descriptive": [ 29 ], "compilation": [ 30, 40 ], "data": [ 32, 163 ], "design": [ 34, 95 ], "principles,": [ 35 ], "but": [ 36 ], "also": [ 37 ], "involves": [ 38, 102 ], "semantic": [ 42 ], "propositions": [ 43 ], "logical": [ 45, 138 ], "predicates": [ 46 ], "create": [ 48 ], "body": [ 50 ], "organized": [ 53 ], "map.": [ 56, 93 ], "The": [ 57, 94, 151 ], "digital": [ 58 ], "product": [ 59 ], "can": [ 66, 76 ], "be": [ 67 ], "interpreted": [ 68 ], "by": [ 69, 130 ], "machines,": [ 70 ], "well": [ 72 ], "humans,": [ 74 ], "provide": [ 77 ], "access": [ 78 ], "to": [ 79, 85, 109 ], "through": [ 83, 137 ], "interfaces": [ 84, 144 ], "select": [ 86 ], "features": [ 87 ], "other": [ 89 ], "information": [ 90, 146 ], "from": [ 91, 125 ], "maps": [ 97 ], "technical": [ 103 ], "approaches": [ 104 ], "system": [ 107 ], "architecture": [ 108 ], "support": [ 110 ], "clarifies": [ 116 ], "how": [ 117 ], "differs": [ 124 ], "earlier": [ 126 ], "theory": [ 128 ], "models": [ 129 ], "investigating": [ 131 ], "knowledge-based": [ 133 ], "concepts": [ 134, 157 ], "modelling,": [ 139 ], "repository,": [ 142 ], "user": [ 143 ], "for": [ 145, 158 ], "access,": [ 147 ], "cartographic": [ 149, 162 ], "visualization.": [ 150 ], "ends": [ 153 ], "with": [ 154 ], "proof": [ 155 ], "two": [ 159 ], "types": [ 160 ], "query.": [ 164 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5027431921", "display_name": "Dalia E. Varanka", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dalia E. Varanka", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, MI, USA" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, MI, USA", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "last", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5054755867", "display_name": "E. Lynn Usery", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "E. Lynn Usery", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, MI, USA" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, MI, USA", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] } ], "best_oa_location": null, "biblio": { "volume": "4", "issue": "2", "first_page": "201", "last_page": "223" }, "citation_normalized_percentile": { "value": 0.999888, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true }, "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2804812214", "cited_by_count": 25, "cited_by_percentile_year": { "min": 93, "max": 94 }, "concepts": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/C4554734", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744", "display_name": "Knowledge base", "level": 2, "score": 0.8525162 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7378566 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C115925183", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694", "display_name": "Knowledge-based systems", "level": 2, "score": 0.59327173 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C55177894", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064031", "display_name": "Topic Maps", "level": 2, "score": 0.55272853 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C42058472", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214", "display_name": "Base (topology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.50929296 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C29804473", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025711", "display_name": "Open Knowledge Base Connectivity", "level": 4, "score": 0.500324 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C120567893", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085", "display_name": "Knowledge extraction", "level": 2, "score": 0.49191165 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553", "display_name": "Visualization", "level": 2, "score": 0.4671689 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "level": 1, "score": 0.45912775 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C186528591", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619544", "display_name": "Body of knowledge", "level": 2, "score": 0.43162444 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.36744472 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.238368 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "level": 1, "score": 0.22114381 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C187572123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034224", "display_name": "Personal knowledge management", "level": 3, "score": 0.14619589 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C169735623", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430172", "display_name": "Organizational learning", "level": 2, "score": 0.0 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0 } ], "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "counts_by_year": [ { "year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1 }, { "year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6 }, { "year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3 }, { "year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6 }, { "year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4 }, { "year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3 }, { "year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2 } ], "created_date": "2018-06-01", "datasets": [], "display_name": "The map as knowledge base", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2017.1421004", "fulltext_origin": "ngrams", "fwci": 15.99, "grants": [], "has_fulltext": true, "id": "https://openalex.org/W2804812214", "ids": { "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2804812214", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2017.1421004", "mag": "2804812214" }, "indexed_in": [ "crossref" ], "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "is_paratext": false, "is_retracted": false, "keywords": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-maps", "display_name": "Topic Maps", "score": 0.55272853 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation", "display_name": "Knowledge Representation", "score": 0.516807 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/base", "display_name": "Base (topology)", "score": 0.50929296 } ], "language": "en", "locations": [ { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2017.1421004", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210167602", "display_name": "International Journal of Cartography", "issn_l": "2372-9333", "issn": [ "2372-9333", "2372-9341" ], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310320547" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Taylor & Francis" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false } ], "locations_count": 1, "mesh": [], "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2804812214/ngrams", "open_access": { "is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false }, "primary_location": { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2017.1421004", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210167602", "display_name": "International Journal of Cartography", "issn_l": "2372-9333", "issn": [ "2372-9333", "2372-9341" ], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310320547" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Taylor & Francis" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false }, "primary_topic": { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10757", "display_name": "Volunteered Geographic Information and Geospatial Crowdsourcing", "score": 0.9979, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3305", "display_name": "Geography, Planning and Development" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences" } }, "publication_date": "2018-05-04", "publication_year": 2018, "referenced_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W126372548", "https://openalex.org/W153299837", "https://openalex.org/W1536826708", "https://openalex.org/W1548346924", "https://openalex.org/W1946253038", "https://openalex.org/W1981540847", "https://openalex.org/W1984316170", "https://openalex.org/W1987581142", "https://openalex.org/W2052451158", "https://openalex.org/W2057687173", "https://openalex.org/W2064929379", "https://openalex.org/W2068878035", "https://openalex.org/W2080499805", "https://openalex.org/W2080528726", "https://openalex.org/W2084412600", "https://openalex.org/W2109078957", "https://openalex.org/W2115069155", "https://openalex.org/W2127581732", "https://openalex.org/W2131471118", "https://openalex.org/W2135415614", "https://openalex.org/W2167423485", "https://openalex.org/W2238265697", "https://openalex.org/W2253993156", "https://openalex.org/W2259771146", "https://openalex.org/W2332733492", "https://openalex.org/W2479794143", "https://openalex.org/W2490041175", "https://openalex.org/W2491174700", "https://openalex.org/W2501234670", "https://openalex.org/W2520641200", "https://openalex.org/W2756057450", "https://openalex.org/W2797946500", "https://openalex.org/W2892185904", "https://openalex.org/W4211221224", "https://openalex.org/W4212943651", "https://openalex.org/W4213011937", "https://openalex.org/W4214619327", "https://openalex.org/W4231912220", "https://openalex.org/W4249278568", "https://openalex.org/W4251473164", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4300635244", "https://openalex.org/W595082816", "https://openalex.org/W602258122" ], "referenced_works_count": 44, "related_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W4237775755", "https://openalex.org/W2904591968", "https://openalex.org/W2508944927", "https://openalex.org/W2367629516", "https://openalex.org/W2357854711", "https://openalex.org/W2136104224", "https://openalex.org/W2135295685", "https://openalex.org/W1966135007", "https://openalex.org/W1683212044", "https://openalex.org/W1520100787" ], "sustainable_development_goals": [], "title": "The map as knowledge base", "topics": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10757", "display_name": "Volunteered Geographic Information and Geospatial Crowdsourcing", "score": 0.9979, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3305", "display_name": "Geography, Planning and Development" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10215", "display_name": "Semantic Web and Ontology Development", "score": 0.991, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10799", "display_name": "Information Visualization and Visual Data Mining", "score": 0.9889, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } } ], "type": "article", "type_crossref": "journal-article", "updated_date": "2024-08-09T12:40:39.287770", "versions": [] }
}