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   "name": "Nitrogen budgets of the Long Island Sound estuary",
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     "name": "Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science",
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   "abstract": "Nitrogen (N) inputs to coastal ecosystems have significant impacts on coastal community structure. In N limited systems, increases in N inputs may lead to excess productivity and hypoxia. Like many temperate estuaries, Long Island Sound (LIS), a major eastern U.S. estuary, is a N limited system which has experienced seasonal hypoxia since the 1800s. This study is the first effort to constrain the total N cycle in this estuary. The approach utilizes data collected over the last two decades in the LIS time series with hydrodynamic model results to generate both monthly and annual N budgets between 1995 and 2016. Of the total N that is delivered to LIS through rivers and atmospheric inputs, 40% is exported to the adjacent continental shelf on the order of 10.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.9\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0106\u00a0kg\u00a0N/year. Of this export, 41% is dissolved organic N, 29% is particulate organic N, 32% is nitrate\u00a0+\u00a0nitrite, and \u22123% is ammonium. The remaining 60% of the N delivered to LIS is either buried in sediments or lost through denitrification. This inferred internal loss rate is equivalent to 5.4\u00a0g\u00a0N/(m2year). This study serves as an example of the significant inter-annual variations that estuarine budgets undergo as efforts to understand coastal biogeochemical cycles move forward.",
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}

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