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"name": "Climate from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, 1986 \u2013 2017: Surface air temperature trends and redefined summer season",
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"abstract": "The weather of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, the largest ice\u2010free region of the Antarctica, has been continuously monitored since 1985 with currently 14 operational meteorological stations distributed throughout the valleys. Because climate is based on a 30\u2010year record of weather, this is the first study to truly define the contemporary climate of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Mean air temperature and solar radiation based on all stations were \u221220\u00b0C and 102\u00a0W\u00a0m\u22122, respectively. Depending on the site location, the mean annual air temperatures on the valleys floors ranged between \u221215\u00b0C and \u221230\u00b0C, and mean annual solar radiation varied between 72 and 122\u00a0W\u00a0m\u22122. Surface air temperature decreased by 0.7\u00b0C per decade from 1986 to 2006 at Lake Hoare station (longest continuous record), after which the record is highly variable with no trend. All stations with sufficiently long records showed similar trend shifts in 2005 \u00b11\u00a0year. Summer is defined as November through February, using a physically based process: up\u2010valley warming from the coast associated with a change in atmospheric stability.",
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"name": "American Geophysical Union"
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"name": "Doran, P. T.",
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"name": "Louisiana State University"
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