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"abstract": "Genetically based phenotypic and ecotypic variation in a dominant plant species can influence ecological functions and patterns of recruitment by other species in plant communities. However, the nature and degree of importance of genotypic differences is poorly understood in most systems.The dominant salt marsh species,\u00a0Spartina alterniflora, is known to induce facilitative and competitive effects in different plant species, and the outcomes of interactions can be affected by nutrients and flooding stress. Clonal genotypes, which maintained their different plant architecture phenotypes throughout 31\u00a0months of a field experiment, underwent considerable genet\u2010specific senescence in their centres over the last 12\u00a0months.Different clonal genotypes and different locations (robust edges vs. senescent centres) permitted significantly different levels of light penetration of the canopy (14.8\u201377.6%), thus establishing spatial heterogeneity for this important environmental factor.S. alterniflora\u00a0clonal genotype influenced the degree of suppression of the previously dominant\u00a0Salicornia bigelovii\u00a0as well as facilitation of recruitment and growth by other plant species.\u00a0Aster subulatus\u00a0and\u00a0Atriplex patula\u00a0performed better in\u00a0Spartinaclone centres, and experienced reduced growth in\u00a0Salicornia\u2010dominated areas.Four other high marsh species (Borrichia frutescens,\u00a0Aster tenuifolius,\u00a0Iva frutescensand\u00a0Limonium carolinianum) colonized only into\u00a0Spartina\u00a0clones but not into the\u00a0Salicornia\u2010dominated area.These results suggest that differences in clone size, centre senescence, stem density, height, total stem length and biomass in different genotypes of a dominant marsh plant species can influence recruitment and growth of other plant species. The spatial pattern of habitat heterogeneity is, at least in part, dependent on the genotypic diversity, and possibly the genetic diversity, of such foundation species.We hypothesize that as genotypic diversity increases in populations of a dominant plant species like\u00a0S. alterniflora, the number and diversity of interactions with other species will increase as well.",
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