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"abstract": "Analytical grade L-glutamic acid is chemically stable and has a C/N mole ratio of 5, which is close to that of many of natural biological materials, such as blood and animal tissue. Two L-glutamic acid reference materials with substantially different 13C and 15N abundances have been prepared for use as organic reference materials for C and N isotopic measurements. USGS40 is analytical grade L-glutamic acid and has a \u03b413C value of \u221226.24\u2030 relative to VPDB and a \u03b415N value of \u22124.52\u2030 relative to N2 in air. USGS41 was prepared by dissolving analytical grade L-glutamic acid with L-glutamic acid enriched in 13C and 15N. USGS41 has a \u03b413C value of +37.76\u2030 and a \u03b415N value of +47.57\u2030. The \u03b413C and \u03b415N values of both materials were measured against the international reference materials NBS 19 calcium carbonate (\u03b413C\u2009=\u2009+1.95\u2030), L-SVEC lithium carbonate (\u03b413C\u2009=\u2009\u221246.48\u2030), IAEA-N-1 ammonium sulfate (\u03b415N\u2009=\u20090.43\u2030), and USGS32 potassium nitrate (\u03b415N\u2009=\u2009180\u2030) by on-line combustion continuous-flow and off-line dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Both USGS40 and USGS41 are isotopically homogeneous; reproducibility of \u03b413C is better than 0.13\u2030, and that of \u03b415N is better than 0.13\u2030 in 100-\u03bcg amounts. These two isotopic reference materials can be used for (i) calibrating local laboratory reference materials, and (ii) quantifying drift with time, mass-dependent fractionations, and isotope-ratio-scale contraction in the isotopic analysis of various biological materials. Isotopic results presented in this paper yield a \u03b413C value for NBS 22 oil of \u221229.91\u2030, in contrast to the commonly accepted value of \u221229.78\u2030 for which off-line blank corrections probably have not been quantified satisfactorily.",
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