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"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician L\u00f8kken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70025860", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70025860" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70025860 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ISSN", "value": "00264598" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Mineralium Deposita", "volumeNumber": "38", "issueNumber": "5" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Mineralium Deposita" } ], "datePublished": "2003", "dateModified": "2018-11-19", "abstract": "Sedimentary beds of jasper (red hematitic chert) in the Ordovician L\u00f8kken ophiolite of Norway are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The jaspers occur in the immediate hangingwall and laterally peripheral to the large L\u00f8kken (25\u201330\u00a0Mt) and small H\u00f8ydal (0.1\u00a0Mt) VMS deposits, and are exposed discontinuously for several kilometres along strike. Massive or laminated types predominate; jasper-sulphide debris-flow deposits are also abundant near VMS deposits. The jaspers contain hematite-rich laminae showing soft-sediment deformation structures and microtextural evidence that record the presence of a colloidal precursor and an origin as gels. Early textures include: (1) straight or curved chains of hematitic filaments 3\u201310\u00a0\u00b5m in diameter and 20\u2013100\u00a0\u00b5m long; (2) branching networks of 15\u201325\u00a0\u00b5m-thick, tubular structures surrounded by cryptocrystalline hematite and filled with quartz and euhedral hematite; (3) small (up to 10\u00a0\u00b5m) spherules composed of cryptocrystalline hematite and silica; and (4) up to 50\u00a0\u00b5m silica spherules with hematitic cores. The small filaments seem to have been deposited in varying proportions in the primary laminae, possibly together with hematitic and siliceous microspheroids. Diagenetic changes are represented by polygonal syneresis cracks, and the presence of cryptocrystalline (originally opaline) silica, chalcedony, quartz, carbonate and cryptocrystalline hematite and/or goethite forming botryoidal masses and spheroids <10\u00a0\u00b5m to 5\u00a0mm in diameter. Coarser euhedral grains of quartz, carbonate, and hematite are integral parts of these textures. Bleached, silica-rich jaspers preserve only small relics of fine-grained hematite-rich domains, and locally contain sparse pockets composed of coarse euhedral hematite\u00b1epidote.\nThe jaspers are interpreted to record colloidal fallout from one or more hydrothermal plumes, followed by maturation (ageing) of an Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel, on and beneath the Ordovician sea floor. Small hematitic filaments in the jaspers reflect bacteria-catalysed oxidation of Fe2+\u00a0within the plume. The larger tubular filaments resulted from either microbial activity or inorganic self-organized mineral growth of Fe-oxyhydroxide within the Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel after deposition on the sea floor, prior to more advanced maturation of the gel as represented by the spheroidal and botryoidal silica-hematite textures. Bleaching and hematite\u00b1epidote growth are interpreted to reflect heat and fluids generated during deposition of basaltic sheet flows on top of the gels.", "description": "15 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Springer" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Slack, John F. jfslack@usgs.gov", "givenName": "John F.", "familyName": "Slack", "email": "jfslack@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6600-3130", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Mineral Resources Program", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/florence-bascom-geoscience-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Grenne, Tor", "givenName": "Tor", "familyName": "Grenne", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geological Survey of Norway" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": null, "apc_list": { "value": 2890, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 3690, "provenance": "doaj" }, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038483356", "display_name": "Tor Grenne", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1193-4127" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1296551785", "display_name": "Norwegian Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/036dwbr90", "country_code": "NO", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1296551785" ] } ], "countries": [ "NO" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tor Grenne", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Geological Survey of Norway" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Geological Survey of Norway", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1296551785" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "last", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5051169644", "display_name": "John F. 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hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels", "topics": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10017", "display_name": "Climate Change and Paleoclimatology", "score": 0.9996, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10109", "display_name": "Paleoredox and Paleoproductivity Proxies", "score": 0.9996, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1911", "display_name": "Paleontology" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10001", "display_name": "Tectonic and Geochronological Evolution of Orogens", "score": 0.9993, 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