{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Nature, distribution, and origin of Titan\u2019s Undifferentiated Plains",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70191096",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70191096"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70191096
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.034",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.034"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Icarus",
"volumeNumber": "270",
"issueNumber": null
},
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Icarus"
}
],
"datePublished": "2016",
"dateModified": "2017-09-26",
"abstract": "The Undifferentiated Plains on Titan, first mapped by Lopes et al. (Lopes, R.M.C. et al., 2010. Icarus, 205, 540\u2013588), are vast expanses of terrains that appear radar-dark and fairly uniform in Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. As a result, these terrains are often referred to as \u201cblandlands\u201d. While the interpretation of several other geologic units on Titan \u2013 such as dunes, lakes, and well-preserved impact craters \u2013 has been relatively straightforward, the origin of the Undifferentiated Plains has remained elusive. SAR images show that these \u201cblandlands\u201d are mostly found at mid-latitudes and appear relatively featureless at radar wavelengths, with no major topographic features. Their gradational boundaries and paucity of recognizable features in SAR data make geologic interpretation particularly challenging. We have mapped the distribution of these terrains using SAR swaths up to flyby T92 (July 2013), which cover >50% of Titan\u2019s surface. We compared SAR images with other data sets where available, including topography derived from the SARTopo method and stereo DEMs, the response from RADAR radiometry, hyperspectral imaging data from Cassini\u2019s Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), and near infrared imaging from the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS). We examined and evaluated different formation mechanisms, including (i) cryovolcanic origin, consisting of overlapping flows of low relief or (ii) sedimentary origins, resulting from fluvial/lacustrine or aeolian deposition, or accumulation of photolysis products created in the atmosphere. Our analysis indicates that the Undifferentiated Plains unit is consistent with a composition predominantly containing organic rather than icy materials and formed by depositional and/or sedimentary processes. We conclude that aeolian processes played a major part in the formation of the Undifferentiated Plains; however, other processes (fluvial, deposition of photolysis products) are likely to have contributed, possibly in differing proportions depending on location.",
"description": "21 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Elsevier"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Radebaugh, J.",
"givenName": "J.",
"familyName": "Radebaugh"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Coustenis, A.",
"givenName": "A.",
"familyName": "Coustenis"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Schoenfeld, A.",
"givenName": "A.",
"familyName": "Schoenfeld"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Lopes, Rosaly",
"givenName": "Rosaly",
"familyName": "Lopes"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Malaska, M. J.",
"givenName": "M. J.",
"familyName": "Malaska"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Solomonidou, A.",
"givenName": "A.",
"familyName": "Solomonidou"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Le, Gall A.",
"givenName": "Gall A.",
"familyName": "Le"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Janssen, M.A.",
"givenName": "M.A.",
"familyName": "Janssen"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Neish, Catherine D.",
"givenName": "Catherine D.",
"familyName": "Neish"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Turtle, E. P.",
"givenName": "E. P.",
"familyName": "Turtle"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Birch, S. P. D.",
"givenName": "S. P. D.",
"familyName": "Birch"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Hayes, A. G.",
"givenName": "A. G.",
"familyName": "Hayes"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Stiles, B.W.",
"givenName": "B.W.",
"familyName": "Stiles"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Kirk, Randolph L. rkirk@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Randolph L.",
"familyName": "Kirk",
"email": "rkirk@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0003-0842-9226",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Astrogeology Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Mitchell, K. L.",
"givenName": "K. L.",
"familyName": "Mitchell"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Stofan, E. R.",
"givenName": "E. R.",
"familyName": "Stofan"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Lawrence, K. J.",
"givenName": "K. J.",
"familyName": "Lawrence"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Cassini RADAR Team"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Astrogeology Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center"
}
]
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"The": [
0
],
"Undifferentiated": [
1,
76,
231,
267
],
"Plains": [
2,
77,
232
],
"on": [
3,
56,
287
],
"Titan,": [
4
],
"first": [
5
],
"mapped": [
6,
122
],
"by": [
7,
248
],
"Lopes": [
8
],
"et": [
9,
13
],
"al.": [
10
],
"(Lopes,": [
11
],
"R.M.C.": [
12
],
"al.,": [
14
],
"2010.": [
15
],
"Icarus,": [
16
],
"205,": [
17
],
"540\u2013588),": [
18
],
"are": [
19,
42,
87,
277
],
"vast": [
20
],
"expanses": [
21
],
"of": [
22,
51,
74,
109,
125,
140,
201,
204,
219,
265,
274
],
"terrains": [
23,
41,
127
],
"that": [
24,
84,
229,
255
],
"appear": [
25,
93
],
"radar-dark": [
26
],
"and": [
27,
63,
92,
107,
160,
174,
179,
191,
246
],
"fairly": [
28
],
"uniform": [
29
],
"in": [
30,
112,
223,
262,
283
],
"Cassini": [
31
],
"Synthetic": [
32
],
"Aperture": [
33
],
"Radar": [
34
],
"(SAR)": [
35
],
"images.": [
36
],
"As": [
37
],
"a": [
38,
237,
259
],
"result,": [
39
],
"these": [
40,
85,
126
],
"often": [
43
],
"referred": [
44
],
"to": [
45,
132,
279
],
"as": [
46,
60
],
"\u201cblandlands\u201d.": [
47
],
"While": [
48
],
"the": [
49,
72,
75,
123,
157,
163,
184,
224,
230,
263,
266
],
"interpretation": [
50,
117
],
"several": [
52
],
"other": [
53,
148,
270
],
"geologic": [
54,
116
],
"units": [
55
],
"Titan": [
57
],
"\u2013": [
58,
67
],
"such": [
59
],
"dunes,": [
61
],
"lakes,": [
62
],
"well-preserved": [
64
],
"impact": [
65
],
"craters": [
66
],
"has": [
68,
78
],
"been": [
69
],
"relatively": [
70,
94
],
"straightforward,": [
71
],
"origin": [
73
],
"remained": [
79
],
"elusive.": [
80
],
"SAR": [
81,
113,
129,
145
],
"images": [
82,
146
],
"show": [
83
],
"\u201cblandlands\u201d": [
86
],
"mostly": [
88
],
"found": [
89
],
"at": [
90,
96
],
"mid-latitudes": [
91
],
"featureless": [
95
],
"radar": [
97
],
"wavelengths,": [
98
],
"with": [
99,
147,
236
],
"no": [
100
],
"major": [
101,
260
],
"topographic": [
102
],
"features.": [
103
],
"Their": [
104
],
"gradational": [
105
],
"boundaries": [
106
],
"paucity": [
108
],
"recognizable": [
110
],
"features": [
111
],
"data": [
114,
149,
170
],
"make": [
115
],
"particularly": [
118
],
"challenging.": [
119
],
"We": [
120,
143,
189,
253
],
"have": [
121,
280
],
"distribution": [
124
],
"using": [
128
],
"swaths": [
130
],
"up": [
131
],
"flyby": [
133
],
"T92": [
134
],
"(July": [
135
],
"2013),": [
136
],
"which": [
137
],
"cover": [
138
],
">50%": [
139
],
"Titan\u2019s": [
141
],
"surface.": [
142
],
"compared": [
144
],
"sets": [
150
],
"where": [
151
],
"available,": [
152
],
"including": [
153,
196
],
"topography": [
154
],
"derived": [
155
],
"from": [
156,
165,
171,
183,
212
],
"SARTopo": [
158
],
"method": [
159
],
"stereo": [
161
],
"DEMs,": [
162
],
"response": [
164
],
"RADAR": [
166
],
"radiometry,": [
167
],
"hyperspectral": [
168
],
"imaging": [
169,
182
],
"Cassini\u2019s": [
172
],
"Visual": [
173
],
"Infrared": [
175
],
"Mapping": [
176
],
"Spectrometer": [
177
],
"(VIMS),": [
178
],
"near": [
180
],
"infrared": [
181
],
"Imaging": [
185
],
"Science": [
186
],
"Subsystem": [
187
],
"(ISS).": [
188
],
"examined": [
190
],
"evaluated": [
192
],
"different": [
193
],
"formation": [
194,
264
],
"mechanisms,": [
195
],
"(i)": [
197
],
"cryovolcanic": [
198
],
"origin,": [
199
],
"consisting": [
200
],
"overlapping": [
202
],
"flows": [
203
],
"low": [
205
],
"relief": [
206
],
"or": [
207,
214,
217
],
"(ii)": [
208
],
"sedimentary": [
209,
251
],
"origins,": [
210
],
"resulting": [
211
],
"fluvial/lacustrine": [
213
],
"aeolian": [
215,
256
],
"deposition,": [
216
],
"accumulation": [
218
],
"photolysis": [
220,
275
],
"products": [
221
],
"created": [
222
],
"atmosphere.": [
225
],
"Our": [
226
],
"analysis": [
227
],
"indicates": [
228
],
"unit": [
233
],
"is": [
234
],
"consistent": [
235
],
"composition": [
238
],
"predominantly": [
239
],
"containing": [
240
],
"organic": [
241
],
"rather": [
242
],
"than": [
243
],
"icy": [
244
],
"materials": [
245
],
"formed": [
247
],
"depositional": [
249
],
"and/or": [
250
],
"processes.": [
252
],
"conclude": [
254
],
"processes": [
257,
271
],
"played": [
258
],
"part": [
261
],
"Plains;": [
268
],
"however,": [
269
],
"(fluvial,": [
272
],
"deposition": [
273
],
"products)": [
276
],
"likely": [
278
],
"contributed,": [
281
],
"possibly": [
282
],
"differing": [
284
],
"proportions": [
285
],
"depending": [
286
],
"location.": [
288
]
},
"apc_list": {
"value": 3590,
"currency": "USD",
"value_usd": 3590,
"provenance": "doaj"
},
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015881869",
"display_name": "R. M. C. Lopes",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-3167"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": true,
"raw_author_name": "Rosaly M.C. Lopes",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027810119",
"display_name": "Michael J. Malaska",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-5258"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "M.J. Malaska",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091744047",
"display_name": "Anezina Solomonidou",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-5898"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I169173203",
"display_name": "D\u00e9l\u00e9gation Paris 7",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00bw5n526",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I154526488",
"https://openalex.org/I169173203"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210120578",
"display_name": "Laboratoire d\u2019\u00e9tudes spatiales et d\u2019instrumentation en astrophysique",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02eptjh02",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1294671590",
"https://openalex.org/I204730241",
"https://openalex.org/I2800004676",
"https://openalex.org/I39804081",
"https://openalex.org/I4210120578",
"https://openalex.org/I4210148025"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I195731000",
"display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03mkjjy25",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I195731000"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I39804081",
"display_name": "Sorbonne Universit\u00e9",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02en5vm52",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I39804081"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I204730241",
"display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05f82e368",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I204730241"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800004676",
"display_name": "Observatoire de Paris",
"ror": "https://ror.org/029nkcm90",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I2800004676"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590",
"display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1294671590"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"FR",
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "A. Solomonidou",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Meudon 92195, France"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Meudon 92195, France",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I169173203",
"https://openalex.org/I4210120578",
"https://openalex.org/I195731000",
"https://openalex.org/I39804081",
"https://openalex.org/I204730241",
"https://openalex.org/I2800004676",
"https://openalex.org/I1294671590"
]
},
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084286993",
"display_name": "Alice Le Gall",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-4868"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210154535",
"display_name": "Laboratoire atmosph\u00e8res, milieux, observations spatiales",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05ppf7q77",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I195731000",
"https://openalex.org/I39804081",
"https://openalex.org/I4210154535"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I195731000",
"display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03mkjjy25",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I195731000"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"FR"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "A. Le Gall",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Laboratoire Atmospheres, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universite Versailles Saint Quentin (UVSQ), Guyancourt, France"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire Atmospheres, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universite Versailles Saint Quentin (UVSQ), Guyancourt, France",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I4210154535",
"https://openalex.org/I195731000"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070377080",
"display_name": "J. M. Soderblom",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3715-6407"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "M.A. Janssen",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022255115",
"display_name": "C. D. Neish",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3254-8348"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I106959904",
"display_name": "Florida Institute of Technology",
"ror": "https://ror.org/04atsbb87",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I106959904"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "C.D. Neish",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I106959904"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007615360",
"display_name": "E. P. Turtle",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1423-5751"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802946424",
"display_name": "Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/029pp9z10",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I145311948",
"https://openalex.org/I2802946424"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "E.P. Turtle",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Johns Hopkins Univ. Applied Physics Lab., Laurel, MD 20723, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Johns Hopkins Univ. Applied Physics Lab., Laurel, MD 20723, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I2802946424"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072483625",
"display_name": "Samuel Birch",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-1694"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295",
"display_name": "Cornell University",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I205783295"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "S.P.D. Birch",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I205783295"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008066634",
"display_name": "A. G. Hayes",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2630"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295",
"display_name": "Cornell University",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I205783295"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "A.G. Hayes",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I205783295"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044560878",
"display_name": "J. Radebaugh",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-892X"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I100005738",
"display_name": "Brigham Young University",
"ror": "https://ror.org/047rhhm47",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I100005738"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "J. Radebaugh",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I100005738"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086243676",
"display_name": "A. Coustenis",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-3491"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I169173203",
"display_name": "D\u00e9l\u00e9gation Paris 7",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00bw5n526",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I154526488",
"https://openalex.org/I169173203"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210120578",
"display_name": "Laboratoire d\u2019\u00e9tudes spatiales et d\u2019instrumentation en astrophysique",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02eptjh02",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1294671590",
"https://openalex.org/I204730241",
"https://openalex.org/I2800004676",
"https://openalex.org/I39804081",
"https://openalex.org/I4210120578",
"https://openalex.org/I4210148025"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I195731000",
"display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03mkjjy25",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I195731000"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I39804081",
"display_name": "Sorbonne Universit\u00e9",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02en5vm52",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I39804081"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I204730241",
"display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05f82e368",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I204730241"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800004676",
"display_name": "Observatoire de Paris",
"ror": "https://ror.org/029nkcm90",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I2800004676"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590",
"display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73",
"country_code": "FR",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1294671590"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"FR"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "A. Coustenis",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Meudon 92195, France"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Meudon 92195, France",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I169173203",
"https://openalex.org/I4210120578",
"https://openalex.org/I195731000",
"https://openalex.org/I39804081",
"https://openalex.org/I204730241",
"https://openalex.org/I2800004676",
"https://openalex.org/I1294671590"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037881466",
"display_name": "Ashley Schoenfeld",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-9535"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "A. Schoenfeld",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055524341",
"display_name": "B. Stiles",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "B.W. Stiles",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5106477808",
"display_name": "R. L. Kirk",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210111045",
"display_name": "Astrogeology Science Center",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02623eb90",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249",
"https://openalex.org/I4210111045"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "R.L. Kirk",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Astrogeology, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Astrogeology, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I4210111045",
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043865851",
"display_name": "K. L. Mitchell",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-8441"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "K.L. Mitchell",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006475797",
"display_name": "E. R. Stofan",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I45129253",
"display_name": "University College London",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I124357947",
"https://openalex.org/I45129253"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"GB"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "E.R. Stofan",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I45129253"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103902901",
"display_name": "K. J. Lawrence",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"display_name": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/027k65916",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681",
"https://openalex.org/I4210124779"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "K.J. Lawrence",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
]
}
]
}
],
"best_oa_location": null,
"biblio": {
"volume": "270",
"issue": null,
"first_page": "162",
"last_page": "182"
},
"citation_normalized_percentile": {
"value": 0.99995,
"is_in_top_1_percent": true,
"is_in_top_10_percent": true
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2199655957",
"cited_by_count": 53,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 96,
"max": 97
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
"display_name": "Geology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7660333
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50805821",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136670",
"display_name": "Titan (rocket family)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.74668634
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161840515",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131",
"display_name": "Terrain",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6304843
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C179537507",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55818",
"display_name": "Impact crater",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5891456
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41642174",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106551",
"display_name": "Regolith",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53486
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C554190296",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528",
"display_name": "Radar",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5007312
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87360688",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686",
"display_name": "Synthetic aperture radar",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48161787
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62649853",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687",
"display_name": "Remote sensing",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48144907
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180093795",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215839",
"display_name": "Aeolian processes",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4797086
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C183852935",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002848",
"display_name": "Imaging spectrometer",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45199233
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87355193",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411",
"display_name": "Astrobiology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41862196
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114793014",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109",
"display_name": "Geomorphology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.25457573
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33390570",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463",
"display_name": "Spectrometer",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.13958752
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515",
"display_name": "Cartography",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.08181456
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413",
"display_name": "Physics",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.07968938
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418",
"display_name": "Telecommunications",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944",
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198",
"display_name": "Computer science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071",
"display_name": "Geography",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/A5015881869"
],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1334627681"
],
"countries_distinct_count": 3,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2024,
"cited_by_count": 5
},
{
"year": 2023,
"cited_by_count": 3
},
{
"year": 2022,
"cited_by_count": 4
},
{
"year": 2021,
"cited_by_count": 9
},
{
"year": 2020,
"cited_by_count": 9
},
{
"year": 2019,
"cited_by_count": 9
},
{
"year": 2018,
"cited_by_count": 3
},
{
"year": 2017,
"cited_by_count": 4
},
{
"year": 2016,
"cited_by_count": 7
}
],
"created_date": "2016-06-24",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "Nature, distribution, and origin of Titan\u2019s Undifferentiated Plains",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.034",
"fwci": 2.894,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": false,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2199655957",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2199655957",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.034",
"mag": "2199655957"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 16,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regolith",
"display_name": "Regolith",
"score": 0.53486
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-composition",
"display_name": "Surface Composition",
"score": 0.459771
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectrometer",
"display_name": "Imaging spectrometer",
"score": 0.45199233
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.034",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S172501725",
"display_name": "Icarus",
"issn_l": "0019-1035",
"issn": [
"0019-1035",
"1090-2643"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
"host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Elsevier BV"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
}
],
"locations_count": 1,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2199655957/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": false,
"oa_status": "closed",
"oa_url": null,
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.034",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S172501725",
"display_name": "Icarus",
"issn_l": "0019-1035",
"issn": [
"0019-1035",
"1090-2643"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
"host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Elsevier BV"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10325",
"display_name": "Formation and Evolution of the Solar System",
"score": 1.0,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3103",
"display_name": "Astronomy and Astrophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31",
"display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2016-05-01",
"publication_year": 2016,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W12472166",
"https://openalex.org/W1493099762",
"https://openalex.org/W1580360324",
"https://openalex.org/W1592426360",
"https://openalex.org/W1595080707",
"https://openalex.org/W1614878237",
"https://openalex.org/W1677345571",
"https://openalex.org/W1792753740",
"https://openalex.org/W1930554885",
"https://openalex.org/W1967250621",
"https://openalex.org/W1973018095",
"https://openalex.org/W1975882097",
"https://openalex.org/W1976067301",
"https://openalex.org/W1977107238",
"https://openalex.org/W1977768581",
"https://openalex.org/W1978276622",
"https://openalex.org/W1978359114",
"https://openalex.org/W1978446652",
"https://openalex.org/W1979244387",
"https://openalex.org/W1980271221",
"https://openalex.org/W1985855784",
"https://openalex.org/W1990737872",
"https://openalex.org/W1991570125",
"https://openalex.org/W1991862147",
"https://openalex.org/W1993330199",
"https://openalex.org/W1994872271",
"https://openalex.org/W1997516451",
"https://openalex.org/W2001260363",
"https://openalex.org/W2007414412",
"https://openalex.org/W2007744779",
"https://openalex.org/W2009610229",
"https://openalex.org/W2012554807",
"https://openalex.org/W2014654611",
"https://openalex.org/W2016380186",
"https://openalex.org/W2017138297",
"https://openalex.org/W2019125373",
"https://openalex.org/W2019195466",
"https://openalex.org/W2022672094",
"https://openalex.org/W2029824029",
"https://openalex.org/W2031938982",
"https://openalex.org/W2031956665",
"https://openalex.org/W2034372976",
"https://openalex.org/W2036413407",
"https://openalex.org/W2037028536",
"https://openalex.org/W2041607647",
"https://openalex.org/W2045231383",
"https://openalex.org/W2048049407",
"https://openalex.org/W2051351747",
"https://openalex.org/W2054027145",
"https://openalex.org/W2055440636",
"https://openalex.org/W2057806072",
"https://openalex.org/W2057836992",
"https://openalex.org/W2061891844",
"https://openalex.org/W2066776950",
"https://openalex.org/W2068421155",
"https://openalex.org/W2069371432",
"https://openalex.org/W2071574855",
"https://openalex.org/W2073066914",
"https://openalex.org/W2077861238",
"https://openalex.org/W2077866512",
"https://openalex.org/W2078886097",
"https://openalex.org/W2080220337",
"https://openalex.org/W2080222835",
"https://openalex.org/W2083408367",
"https://openalex.org/W2089262380",
"https://openalex.org/W2089711840",
"https://openalex.org/W2093482952",
"https://openalex.org/W2095241906",
"https://openalex.org/W2096121701",
"https://openalex.org/W2109800675",
"https://openalex.org/W2110515514",
"https://openalex.org/W2117255086",
"https://openalex.org/W2121241274",
"https://openalex.org/W2121883311",
"https://openalex.org/W2127953518",
"https://openalex.org/W2128062709",
"https://openalex.org/W2130674701",
"https://openalex.org/W2131503558",
"https://openalex.org/W2145486493",
"https://openalex.org/W2145620958",
"https://openalex.org/W2146250165",
"https://openalex.org/W2147684387",
"https://openalex.org/W2157742295",
"https://openalex.org/W2165954702",
"https://openalex.org/W2174289640",
"https://openalex.org/W2566173974",
"https://openalex.org/W2616553056",
"https://openalex.org/W2762483987",
"https://openalex.org/W294067311",
"https://openalex.org/W2991442736",
"https://openalex.org/W2993023194",
"https://openalex.org/W2993625335",
"https://openalex.org/W3084494236",
"https://openalex.org/W3091376231",
"https://openalex.org/W583810748"
],
"referenced_works_count": 95,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4385839086",
"https://openalex.org/W4308169262",
"https://openalex.org/W2768493687",
"https://openalex.org/W2625809971",
"https://openalex.org/W2368710213",
"https://openalex.org/W2209508320",
"https://openalex.org/W2170886505",
"https://openalex.org/W1984305988",
"https://openalex.org/W1663847441",
"https://openalex.org/W1510055941"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"score": 0.66,
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14",
"display_name": "Life below water"
}
],
"title": "Nature, distribution, and origin of Titan\u2019s Undifferentiated Plains",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10325",
"display_name": "Formation and Evolution of the Solar System",
"score": 1.0,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3103",
"display_name": "Astronomy and Astrophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31",
"display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10406",
"display_name": "Exploration and Study of Mars",
"score": 0.9988,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3103",
"display_name": "Astronomy and Astrophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31",
"display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10017",
"display_name": "Climate Change and Paleoclimatology",
"score": 0.9979,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902",
"display_name": "Atmospheric Science"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-15T10:47:12.643812",
"versions": []
}
}