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"abstract": "A total of 842 blood samples collected from five species of tundra-nesting geese in Alaska was screened for haemosporidian parasites using molecular techniques. Parasites of the generaLeucocytozoon\u00a0Danilewsky, 1890,\u00a0Haemoproteus\u00a0Kruse, 1890, and\u00a0Plasmodium\u00a0Marchiafava and Celli, 1885 were detected in 169 (20%), 3 (<1%), and 0 (0%) samples, respectively. Occupancy modeling was used to estimate prevalence of\u00a0Leucocytozoon\u00a0parasites and assess variation relative to species, age, sex, geographic area, year, and decade. Species, age, and decade were identified as important in explaining differences in prevalence of\u00a0Leucocytozoonparasites.\u00a0Leucocytozoon\u00a0parasites were detected in goslings sampled along the Arctic Coastal Plain using both historic and contemporary samples, which provided support for transmission in the North American Arctic. In contrast, lack of detection of\u00a0Haemoproteus\u00a0and\u00a0Plasmodiumparasites in goslings (n\u00a0= 238) provided evidence to suggest that the transmission of parasites of these genera may not occur among waterfowl using tundra habitats in Alaska, or alternatively, may only occur at low levels. Five haemosporidian genetic lineages shared among different species of geese sampled from two geographic areas were indicative of interspecies parasite transmission and supported broad parasite or vector distributions. However, identicalLeucocytozoon\u00a0and\u00a0Haemoproteus\u00a0lineages on public databases were limited to waterfowl hosts suggesting constraints in the range of parasite hosts.",
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