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   "name": "Virus diseases of the salmonidae in the western United States. III. Immunopathological aspects",
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   "abstract": "The immune response among fish, from a phylogenetic standpoint, presents a progressive pattern of increasing development. The cyclostomes have been shown to have only feeble immunologic responsiveness. One of their number, the hagfish, appeared to be totally lacking in the ability to actively acquire antibodies.Among the elasmobranchs, the sharks have received the most study immunologically. This group demonstrated a variable response to antigenic stimulationOf the teleosts, the salmonids and the cyprinids have been the more frequent recipients of experimentally introduced antigens. These fishes, as well as other species of teleosts, are quite active and quite consistent in their response to various antigens.",
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     "1,": [
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     ],
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     ],
     "33.": [
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     "Google": [
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     "Bisset,": [
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     "K.": [
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     "1948.": [
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     "effect": [
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     "production": [
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     "cold-blooded": [
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     "Pathol.": [
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     "Bacteriol.": [
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     "60:": [
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     "87.": [
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     "10.1002/path.1700600110": [
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     "9": [
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     "1949.": [
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     ],
     "adrenal": [
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     ],
     "cortical": [
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     ],
     "hormone": [
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     "immunity": [
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     "Endocrinol.": [
       479
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     "6:": [
       480,
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     ],
     "99.": [
       481
     ],
     "10.1677/joe.0.0060099": [
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     "10": [
       487,
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     ],
     "Cushing,": [
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     "E.": [
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       817,
       894,
       969,
       1078,
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       1129,
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     "1942.": [
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       557
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     "An": [
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     "fish.": [
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       520,
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     "Immunol.": [
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       522,
       567,
       608,
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     "45:": [
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       774,
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     ],
     "123.": [
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     ],
     "CASWeb": [
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     "11": [
       509
     ],
     "Dreyer,": [
       510
     ],
     "N.": [
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       587,
       743,
       1169,
       1203,
       1348,
       1735
     ],
     "King": [
       516
     ],
     "Anaphylaxis": [
       518
     ],
     "277.": [
       524
     ],
     "12": [
       529
     ],
     "Arloing,": [
       530
     ],
     "F.": [
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       658,
       782,
       1081,
       1246,
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       1687,
       1719,
       1750,
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     "Langeron": [
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     ],
     "1922.": [
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     ],
     "L'anaphylaxis": [
       536
     ],
     "dans": [
       537,
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     ],
     "le": [
       538,
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       1328,
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     ],
     "s\u00e9ri": [
       539
     ],
     "animals.": [
       540
     ],
     "Bactraciens": [
       541
     ],
     "et": [
       542,
       1330,
       1669
     ],
     "poissons.": [
       543
     ],
     "Compt.": [
       544,
       1336
     ],
     "Rend.": [
       545,
       1337
     ],
     "Soc.": [
       546,
       771,
       830,
       986,
       1040,
       1338
     ],
     "Biol.": [
       547,
       832,
       988,
       1339,
       1589
     ],
     "84:": [
       548,
       958
     ],
     "634.": [
       549
     ],
     "13": [
       552
     ],
     "Duff,": [
       553
     ],
     "C.": [
       554,
       893,
       970,
       1574,
       1575,
       1759,
       1791
     ],
     "D.": [
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     ],
     "oral": [
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     "immunization": [
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     "trout": [
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       874,
       900,
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     ],
     "against": [
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       644
     ],
     "Bacterium": [
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     "salmonicida.": [
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     "44:": [
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     "Web": [
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       1286,
       1475,
       1823
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     "14": [
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     ],
     "Hildemann,": [
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     "H.": [
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       1401,
       1531,
       1632,
       1690,
       1760
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     "1957.": [
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     "Scale": [
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     ],
     "transplantation": [
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     "gold": [
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     ],
     "fish,": [
       583,
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     ],
     "Carassius": [
       584
     ],
     "auratus.": [
       585
     ],
     "Ann.": [
       586,
       742,
       1168,
       1202,
       1258,
       1734
     ],
     "Y.": [
       588,
       744,
       1170,
       1204,
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     ],
     "Acad.": [
       589,
       745,
       1171,
       1205,
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     ],
     "Sci.": [
       590,
       746,
       1172,
       1206,
       1472,
       1738
     ],
     "64:": [
       591
     ],
     "775.": [
       592
     ],
     "10.1111/j.1749-6632.1957.tb52472.x": [
       593
     ],
     "15": [
       598
     ],
     "1958.": [
       602,
       976,
       1294
     ],
     "Tissue": [
       603
     ],
     "goldfish.": [
       607
     ],
     "1:": [
       609
     ],
     "46.": [
       610
     ],
     "16": [
       615
     ],
     "G.": [
       617,
       634,
       704,
       729,
       887,
       922,
       1151,
       1185,
       1346
     ],
     "Immunogenesis": [
       619
     ],
     "rainbow": [
       621,
       640,
       849,
       936,
       1303
     ],
     "(Salmo": [
       623,
       642,
       851,
       938
     ],
     "gairdneri).": [
       624
     ],
     "(in": [
       625,
       652
     ],
     "preparation).": [
       626
     ],
     "17": [
       629
     ],
     "Ross,": [
       630,
       1021
     ],
     "Oral": [
       637
     ],
     "gairdneri)": [
       643
     ],
     "etiologic": [
       646
     ],
     "agent": [
       647
     ],
     "red": [
       649
     ],
     "mouth": [
       650
     ],
     "disease,": [
       651
     ],
     "press).": [
       653
     ],
     "18": [
       656
     ],
     "Pliszka,": [
       657,
       679
     ],
     "1939.": [
       659,
       681,
       1503
     ],
     "Untersuchungen": [
       660,
       683
     ],
     "\u00fcber": [
       661,
       684,
       687
     ],
     "die": [
       662
     ],
     "Agglutinine": [
       663
     ],
     "Karpfen.": [
       665,
       690
     ],
     "Z.": [
       666,
       691
     ],
     "Parasit.": [
       668,
       693
     ],
     "Infect.": [
       669,
       694
     ],
     "143:": [
       674,
       698
     ],
     "262.": [
       675
     ],
     "19": [
       678
     ],
     "Weitere": [
       682
     ],
     "immunit\u00e4tsreaktionen": [
       685
     ],
     "und": [
       686
     ],
     "Phagosytose": [
       688
     ],
     "Bact.": [
       692
     ],
     "451.": [
       699
     ],
     "20": [
       702
     ],
     "Ridgway,": [
       703,
       728
     ],
     "applications": [
       708
     ],
     "some": [
       710
     ],
     "special": [
       711,
       1464
     ],
     "methods": [
       713
     ],
     "population": [
       716
     ],
     "problems.": [
       717
     ],
     "Am.": [
       718,
       1038,
       1365
     ],
     "Naturalist": [
       719
     ],
     "96:": [
       720
     ],
     "219.": [
       721
     ],
     "10.1086/282228": [
       722
     ],
     "21": [
       727
     ],
     "Demonstration": [
       732
     ],
     "blood": [
       734,
       1223,
       1234,
       1414,
       1436,
       1511
     ],
     "groups": [
       735
     ],
     "salmon": [
       739,
       1441
     ],
     "isoimmunization.": [
       741
     ],
     "97:": [
       747
     ],
     "111.": [
       748
     ],
     "10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb34627.x": [
       749
     ],
     "22": [
       754
     ],
     "Smith,": [
       755
     ],
     "1940.": [
       758
     ],
     "Production": [
       759
     ],
     "antibacterial": [
       761
     ],
     "agglutinins": [
       762
     ],
     "carp": [
       764
     ],
     "at": [
       767
     ],
     "\u00b0C.": [
       769
     ],
     "726.": [
       775
     ],
     "10.3181/00379727-45-11814": [
       776
     ],
     "CASGoogle": [
       777,
       918,
       1320
     ],
     "23": [
       779
     ],
     "Snieszko,": [
       780,
       1103
     ],
     "S.": [
       781,
       784,
       814,
       1080,
       1104,
       1267,
       1502,
       1666
     ],
     "Friddle": [
       786
     ],
     "Prophylaxis": [
       788
     ],
     "furunculosis": [
       790
     ],
     "brook": [
       792,
       1092
     ],
     "trout,": [
       793,
       1304
     ],
     "Salvelinus": [
       794
     ],
     "fontinalis,": [
       795
     ],
     "sulfamerazine.": [
       800
     ],
     "Progr.": [
       801,
       912,
       1068
     ],
     "Culturist": [
       803,
       914,
       1070
     ],
     "11:": [
       804,
       1660
     ],
     "161.": [
       805
     ],
     "10.1577/1548-8640(1949)11[161:POFIBT]2.0.CO;2": [
       806
     ],
     "24": [
       809
     ],
     "Uhr,": [
       810
     ],
     "Finkelstein": [
       815
     ],
     "Franklin": [
       818
     ],
     "Antibody": [
       820
     ],
     "bacteriophage": [
       823
     ],
     "\u00d8X": [
       824
     ],
     "174": [
       825
     ],
     "nonmammalian": [
       827
     ],
     "111:": [
       834
     ],
     "13.": [
       835
     ],
     "10.3181/00379727-111-27691": [
       836
     ],
     "25": [
       841
     ],
     "Post,": [
       842
     ],
     "George.": [
       843
     ],
     "gairdnerii)": [
       852
     ],
     "Aeromonas": [
       854,
       876,
       902
     ],
     "hydrophila.": [
       855
     ],
     "Utah": [
       856
     ],
     "Dept.": [
       857,
       860
     ],
     "Game.": [
       859
     ],
     "Information": [
       861
     ],
     "Bull.": [
       862
     ],
     "63\u20137.": [
       863
     ],
     "26": [
       866
     ],
     "Reddecliff,": [
       867
     ],
     "Jack": [
       868
     ],
     "1960.": [
       870,
       1030,
       1727
     ],
     "MS": [
       878,
       941
     ],
     "thesis.": [
       879,
       942
     ],
     "Pennsylvania": [
       880
     ],
     "State": [
       881
     ],
     "Univ.": [
       882,
       943,
       1423
     ],
     "27": [
       885
     ],
     "Krantz,": [
       886
     ],
     "E.,": [
       888
     ],
     "Reddecliff": [
       891
     ],
     "Heist": [
       895
     ],
     "Pt.": [
       904,
       1517
     ],
     "Development": [
       906
     ],
     "agglutinating": [
       908
     ],
     "protective": [
       910
     ],
     "immunity.": [
       911
     ],
     "26(1):": [
       915
     ],
     "3.": [
       916,
       1369
     ],
     "10.1577/1548-8659(1964)26[3:IROTTA]2.0.CO;2": [
       917
     ],
     "28": [
       920
     ],
     "1959.": [
       924
     ],
     "Some": [
       925,
       1431
     ],
     "serological,": [
       926
     ],
     "cytological,": [
       927
     ],
     "histopathological": [
       929
     ],
     "aspects": [
       930
     ],
     "gairdneri": [
       939,
       1306
     ],
     "Wal-baum),": [
       940
     ],
     "Washington.": [
       944
     ],
     "29": [
       947
     ],
     "Nybelin,": [
       948
     ],
     "O.": [
       949,
       1402
     ],
     "1935.": [
       950
     ],
     "Ueber": [
       951
     ],
     "Agglutininbildung": [
       952
     ],
     "Fischen.": [
       954
     ],
     "Ztschr.": [
       955
     ],
     "Immunit.": [
       956
     ],
     "Forsch.": [
       957
     ],
     "74.": [
       959
     ],
     "30": [
       962
     ],
     "Engle,": [
       963
     ],
     "L.,": [
       965
     ],
     "Woods,": [
       968
     ],
     "Paulson": [
       971
     ],
     "Pert": [
       975
     ],
     "Plasma": [
       977
     ],
     "cells": [
       978,
       1224,
       1230,
       1415,
       1433,
       1512,
       1641
     ],
     "serum": [
       980
     ],
     "proteins": [
       981
     ],
     "98:": [
       990
     ],
     "905.": [
       991
     ],
     "10.3181/00379727-98-24225": [
       992
     ],
     "31": [
       997
     ],
     "1947.": [
       1001,
       1403
     ],
     "Bacterial": [
       1002
     ],
     "infection": [
       1003
     ],
     "lower": [
       1007,
       1237
     ],
     "vertebrates": [
       1008,
       1649
     ],
     "invertebrates.": [
       1010
     ],
     "Hyg.": [
       1012
     ],
     "128.": [
       1014
     ],
     "10.1017/S0022172400013784": [
       1015
     ],
     "32": [
       1020
     ],
     "Pelnar": [
       1025,
       1052
     ],
     "Rucker": [
       1029,
       1137
     ],
     "A": [
       1031,
       1062,
       1597
     ],
     "virus-like": [
       1032,
       1063
     ],
     "disease": [
       1033,
       1064
     ],
     "Chinook": [
       1035
     ],
     "salmon.": [
       1036,
       1067
     ],
     "Trans.": [
       1037
     ],
     "Fish.": [
       1039
     ],
     "89(2):": [
       1041
     ],
     "160.": [
       1042
     ],
     "10.1577/1548-8659(1960)89[160:AVDOCS]2.0.CO;2": [
       1043
     ],
     "33": [
       1046
     ],
     "interim": [
       1055
     ],
     "report": [
       1056
     ],
     "on": [
       1057,
       1296,
       1405
     ],
     "Sacramento": [
       1058
     ],
     "River": [
       1059
     ],
     "chinook": [
       1060,
       1066
     ],
     "disease:": [
       1061
     ],
     "24(2):": [
       1071
     ],
     "51.": [
       1072
     ],
     "10.1577/1548-8659(1962)24[51:AIROSR]2.0.CO;2": [
       1073
     ],
     "34": [
       1076
     ],
     "Wood,": [
       1077,
       1128
     ],
     "M.,": [
       1079,
       1130
     ],
     "Snieszko": [
       1082
     ],
     "1955.": [
       1087
     ],
     "Infectious": [
       1088,
       1114
     ],
     "pancreatic": [
       1089,
       1115
     ],
     "necrosis": [
       1090,
       1116
     ],
     "trout.": [
       1093,
       1118
     ],
     "Arch.": [
       1094,
       1119,
       1392,
       1560
     ],
     "26.": [
       1097
     ],
     "35": [
       1102
     ],
     "F.,": [
       1105
     ],
     "Wood": [
       1108
     ],
     "63:": [
       1121,
       1624
     ],
     "229.": [
       1122
     ],
     "36": [
       1127
     ],
     "1954.": [
       1138,
       1693
     ],
     "Unpublished": [
       1139
     ],
     "data.": [
       1140
     ],
     "37": [
       1143
     ],
     "1965.": [
       1154,
       1188
     ],
     "Virus": [
       1155,
       1189
     ],
     "diseases": [
       1156,
       1190
     ],
     "Salmonidae": [
       1159,
       1193
     ],
     "western": [
       1161,
       1195
     ],
     "United": [
       1162,
       1196
     ],
     "States.": [
       1163,
       1197
     ],
     "Etiology": [
       1165
     ],
     "epizootiology.": [
       1167
     ],
     "This": [
       1173,
       1207
     ],
     "Annal.": [
       1174,
       1208
     ],
     "38": [
       1177
     ],
     "T.,": [
       1180,
       1685
     ],
     "Aspects": [
       1199,
       1794
     ],
     "pathogenesis.": [
       1201
     ],
     "39": [
       1211
     ],
     "Lewis,": [
       1212
     ],
     "Lewis": [
       1218
     ],
     "1926.": [
       1219
     ],
     "Transformation": [
       1220
     ],
     "mononuclear": [
       1222
     ],
     "into": [
       1225
     ],
     "macrophages,": [
       1226
     ],
     "epithelioid,": [
       1227
     ],
     "giant": [
       1229
     ],
     "hanging": [
       1232
     ],
     "drop": [
       1233
     ],
     "cultures": [
       1235
     ],
     "from": [
       1236,
       1356
     ],
     "Embryol.": [
       1239
     ],
     "18:": [
       1240
     ],
     "95.": [
       1241
     ],
     "40": [
       1244
     ],
     "Mesnil,": [
       1245
     ],
     "1895.": [
       1247
     ],
     "Sur": [
       1248
     ],
     "mode": [
       1250
     ],
     "resistance": [
       1251
     ],
     "des": [
       1252,
       1333,
       1558,
       1671,
       1675
     ],
     "vertebr\u00e9s": [
       1253
     ],
     "inf\u00e9rieures": [
       1254
     ],
     "aux": [
       1255
     ],
     "invasions": [
       1256
     ],
     "microbiennes.": [
       1257
     ],
     "Inst.": [
       1259,
       1587
     ],
     "Pasteur": [
       1260
     ],
     "9:": [
       1261
     ],
     "301.": [
       1262
     ],
     "41": [
       1265
     ],
     "Jakowska,": [
       1266,
       1665
     ],
     "Nigrelli": [
       1271
     ],
     "1953.": [
       1272
     ],
     "Localized": [
       1273
     ],
     "experimental": [
       1276,
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