{
"@context": "http://schema.org/", "@type": "WebPage", "additionalType": "Project", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-center/science/evaluating-potential-benefits-permeable-pavement", "headline": "Evaluating the potential benefits of permeable pavement on the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff", "datePublished": "March 17, 2019", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "William R Selbig", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/william-r-selbig", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "orcid", "value": "0000-0003-1403-8280" } } ], "description": [ { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Measuring Water Quantity" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Soli\u200bds" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Roseen, R., Ballestero, T., Houle, J., Briggs, J., and Houle, K., 2012, Water Quality and Hydrologic Performance of a Porous Asphalt Pavement as a Storm-Water Treatment Strategy in a Cold Climate: Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 1, p. 81\u201389." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "This permeable pavement test site will be operated and maintained through 2018." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "What are the Potential Benefits of Permeable Pavement?General hydrologic benefits" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Permeable pavement is a porous urban surface which catches precipitation and surface runoff, storing it in the reservoir while slowly allowing it to infiltrate into the soil below. This study will evaluate how well different types of permeable pavement reduces the amount of pollutants and runoff volume." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Both the drain tile and surface grate are routed into a monitoring facility, where the volume of infiltrated and overflow runoff is captured separately (fig. 7). The monitoring facility accurately measures all inputs and outputs of water using calibrated flumes." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Urbanization of the landscape has an appreciable negative impact on the quantity and quality of runoff water entering our lakes and streams (Davis, 2005; Wang and others, 2001; Williamson, 1993). By replacing natural land covers (like grasslands and forests) with impervious surfaces (like parking lots and streets), we lose the water retaining role of the soil and vegetation. Increased runoff from impervious surfaces causes dangerous floods, severe erosion damage to our stream channels, diminished recharge of groundwater, and degraded habitat for our fisheries. These same impervious surfaces can transport the many pollutants deposited in urban areas, such as nutrients, sediment, bacteria, pesticides, and chloride. In the worst cases, the amount of pollutants in urban runoff are high enough to prevent us from being able to swim or fish in our local waters." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Study site" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Concerns People Have About Using Permeable PavementHere are some of the concerns and questions about permeable pavement:" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Water quality \u2013 How much pollutant reduction can be expected? Of particular interest, low reductions have been observed for nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen). This concern has two implications:" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Residence time \u2013 How long does the runoff need to stay in the storage layer to adequately treat the runoff?" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "A small portion of green space, adjacent to the overflow parking lot serving the Madison Streets Division\u2019s East Office, in Madison, Wis., has been designated as the study location (fig. 3 and 4). The white study area shown in figure 4 is split equally into three smaller study plots, each receiving similar volumes of runoff from the adjacent parking lot. These plots will test three types of pavement: permeable pavers, permeable concrete, and permeable asphalt (fig. 5). Each plot is equipped with instrumentation to measure reductions in runoff volume (water quantity) and pollutants (water quality)." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Durability \u2013 Will permeable pavement last as long as traditional pavement?" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Williamson, R. B., 1993, Urban runoff data book: a manual for the preliminary evaluation of urban stormwater impacts on water quality. Water Quality Centre, Ecosystems Division, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Ancillary data will also be collected, including, but not limited to: precipitation, sand/salt application during winter months, runoff temperature at depth, and a record of maintenance." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Measuring Water Quality" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "What is Permeable Pavement?Permeable pavement is a porous urban surface composed of open pore pavers, concrete, or asphalt with an underlying stone reservoir. Permeable pavement catches precipitation and surface runoff, storing it in the reservoir while slowly allowing it to infiltrate into the soil below or discharge via a drain tile. The most common uses of permeable pavement are parking lots, low-traffic roads, sidewalks, and driveways." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Runoff from the parking lot flows toward an existing curb cut, which is equipped with a calibrated flume. Runoff enters the flume and drains into a concrete structure that divides the runoff into three equal portions, each draining to one of the three test plots (fig. 5). The runoff either infiltrates into the permeable subsurface or exits the plot as overflow runoff. Each test plot is lined with an impermeable membrane, which captures and routes infiltrated runoff through a buried drain tile (fig. 6). Runoff that does not infiltrate into the permeable surface is captured by an overflow surface grate. The test plots are constructed to prevent cross-contamination from adjacent test plots and surrounding soils." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Water-quality samples will be tested at the Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene, a certified USGS analytical laboratory. Samples will be tested for concentrations of the following pollutants:" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Other" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Davis, A.P., 2005, Green engineering principles promote low-impact development: Environmental Science and Technology, A-pages, v. 39, no. 16, p. 338A\u2013344A." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Model accuracy \u2013 How well can existing urban runoff models predict the water quality benefits of permeable pavement?" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Cold-weather benefits" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "We hope to determine the levels of volume and pollutant reduction achieved by permeable pavement by testing three different types of pavement (fig. 2). The following are the specific objectives:" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Water-quality samples will be collected from seven locations:" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Nutrients" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Houle, K., Roseen, R., Ballestero, T., Briggs, J., and Houle, J., 2009, Examinations of Pervious Concrete and Porous Asphalt Pavements Performance for Stormwater Management in Northern Climates: World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: p. 1\u201318." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Upkeep and maintenance \u2013 Permeable pavement can clog with sediment and pollutants, reducing its permeability and beneficial productivity." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Wang, L., Lyons, J., Kanehl, P., and Bannerman, R., 2001, Impacts of urbanization on stream habitat and fish across multiple spatial scales: Environmental Management, v. 28, no. 2, p. 255\u2013266." }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Temperature \u2013 What temperature reductions can be expected with permeable pavement?" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Purpose of this study" }, { "@type": "TextObject", "text": "Efforts to reduce the impacts of urban runoff have been happening for some time at federal, state, and local levels. The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law that regulates the quality of the nation\u2019s water bodies. The CWA, through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program, establishes pollution limits for anyone discharging into streams and lakes, including cities. In Wisconsin, NPDES permits are issued by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) which identify performance standards and limits for things like peak flow, runoff volume, phosphorus, and total suspended solids. As part of their permit, each city must prepare a management plan to meet these prescribed limits by implementing best management practices (BMPs). BMPs are practices, treatments, and technologies that can alleviate one or more if these negative effects. Permeable pavement is one of these BMPs that is believed to improve water quality and reduce the impacts of urban runoff." } ], "funder": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Upper Midwest Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-center" }, "about": [ { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Urban Water Quality" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "road salt" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "sediment" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Water" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Floods" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Information Systems" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Floods and Droughts" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Water Quality" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Sediment and Erosion" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Science by State" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Energy" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "stormwater" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Nutrients" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Permeable pavement" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "phosphorus" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Contaminants and Pathogens" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Geology" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Science Technology" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Environmental Health" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Other Contaminants" }, { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Methods and Analysis" } ]
}