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Implementation of the plan under the adaptive management paradigm requires an understanding of the spatial and temporal structure of the population. We used polythetic agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of radiolocations obtained from free-ranging bison to investigate seasonal movements and aggregations. We classified radiolocations into 4 periods: annual, peak rut (15 Jul\u201315 Sep), extended rut (1 Jun\u201331 Oct), and winter (1 Nov\u201331 May). We documented spatial separation of Yellowstone bison into 2 segments, the northern and central herds, during all periods. The estimated year-round exchange rate (4.85\u20135.83%) of instrumented bison varied with the fusion strategy employed. We did not observe exchange between the 2 segments during the peak rut and it varied during the extended rut (2.15\u20133.23%). We estimated a winter exchange of 4.85\u20137.77%. The outcome and effectiveness of management actions directed at Yellowstone bison may be affected by spatial segregation and herd affinity within the population. Reductions based on total population size, but not applied to the entire population, may adversely affect one herd while having little effect on the other. Similarly, management actions targeting a segment of the population may benefit from the spatial segregation exhibited.", "description": "8 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Wildlife Society" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Olexa, Edward M. eolexa@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Edward M.", "familyName": "Olexa", "email": "eolexa@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2000-6798", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-6798" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/norock" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Gogan, Peter J. peter_gogan@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Peter J.", "familyName": "Gogan", "email": "peter_gogan@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-7821-133X", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": 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