{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the U.S.",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70187542",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70187542"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70187542
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Science of the Total Environment",
"volumeNumber": "581-582",
"issueNumber": null
},
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Science of the Total Environment"
}
],
"datePublished": "2017",
"dateModified": "2018-04-02",
"abstract": "Extraction of oil and gas from unconventional sources, such as shale, has dramatically increased over the past ten years, raising the potential for spills or releases of chemicals, waste materials, and oil and gas. We analyzed spill data associated with unconventional wells from Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota and Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2014, where we defined unconventional wells as horizontally drilled into an unconventional formation. We identified materials spilled by state and for each material we summarized frequency, volumes and spill rates. We evaluated the environmental risk of spills by calculating distance to the nearest stream and compared these distances to existing setback regulations. Finally, we summarized relative importance to drinking water in watersheds where spills occurred. Across all four states, we identified 21,300 unconventional wells and 6622 reported spills. The number of horizontal well bores increased sharply beginning in the late 2000s; spill rates also increased for all states except PA where the rate initially increased, reached a maximum in 2009 and then decreased. Wastewater, crude oil, drilling waste, and hydraulic fracturing fluid were the materials most often spilled; spilled volumes of these materials largely ranged from 100 to 10,000\u00a0L. Across all states, the average distance of spills to a stream was highest in New Mexico (1379\u00a0m), followed by Colorado (747\u00a0m), North Dakota (598\u00a0m) and then Pennsylvania (268\u00a0m), and 7.0, 13.3, and 20.4% of spills occurred within existing surface water setback regulations of 30.5, 61.0, and 91.4\u00a0m, respectively. Pennsylvania spills occurred in watersheds with a higher relative importance to drinking water than the other three states. Results from this study can inform risk assessments by providing improved input parameters on volume and rates of materials spilled, and guide regulations and the management policy of spills.",
"description": "9 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Elsevier"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Maloney, Kelly O. kmaloney@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Kelly O.",
"familyName": "Maloney",
"email": "kmaloney@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0003-2304-0745",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Leetown Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Baruch-Mordo, Sharon",
"givenName": "Sharon",
"familyName": "Baruch-Mordo"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Patterson, Lauren A.",
"givenName": "Lauren A.",
"familyName": "Patterson"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Nicot, Jean-Philippe",
"givenName": "Jean-Philippe",
"familyName": "Nicot"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Entrekin, Sally",
"givenName": "Sally",
"familyName": "Entrekin",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "University of Central Arkansas"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Fargione, Joe E.",
"givenName": "Joe E.",
"familyName": "Fargione"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Konschnik, Kate E.",
"givenName": "Kate E.",
"familyName": "Konschnik"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Kiesecker, Joseph M.",
"givenName": "Joseph M.",
"familyName": "Kiesecker",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "The Nature Conservancy"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Ryan, Joseph N.",
"givenName": "Joseph N.",
"familyName": "Ryan",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "University of Colorado- Boulder"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Trainor, Anne M.",
"givenName": "Anne M.",
"familyName": "Trainor"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Saiers, James E.",
"givenName": "James E.",
"familyName": "Saiers"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Wiseman, Hannah J.",
"givenName": "Hannah J.",
"familyName": "Wiseman"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Leetown Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc"
}
],
"spatialCoverage": [
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "country",
"name": "United States",
"url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "Colorado"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "New Mexico"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "North Dakota"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "Pennsylvania"
}
]
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"Extraction": [
0
],
"of": [
1,
26,
88,
133,
183,
199,
230,
239,
281,
291
],
"oil": [
2,
31
],
"and": [
3,
30,
32,
48,
72,
80,
97,
127,
163,
171,
220,
225,
228,
242,
279,
284,
287
],
"gas": [
4
],
"from": [
5,
42,
50,
188,
265
],
"unconventional": [
6,
40,
57,
64,
125
],
"sources,": [
7
],
"such": [
8
],
"as": [
9,
59
],
"shale,": [
10
],
"has": [
11
],
"dramatically": [
12
],
"increased": [
13,
137,
147
],
"over": [
14
],
"the": [
15,
20,
85,
94,
141,
154,
176,
196,
260,
288
],
"past": [
16
],
"ten": [
17
],
"years,": [
18
],
"raising": [
19
],
"potential": [
21
],
"for": [
22,
73,
148
],
"spills": [
23,
89,
116,
200,
231,
247
],
"or": [
24
],
"releases": [
25
],
"chemicals,": [
27
],
"waste": [
28
],
"materials,": [
29
],
"gas.": [
33
],
"We": [
34,
66,
83
],
"analyzed": [
35
],
"spill": [
36,
81,
144
],
"data": [
37
],
"associated": [
38
],
"with": [
39,
251
],
"wells": [
41,
58,
126
],
"Colorado,": [
43
],
"New": [
44,
207
],
"Mexico,": [
45
],
"North": [
46,
216
],
"Dakota": [
47,
217
],
"Pennsylvania": [
49,
222,
246
],
"2005": [
51
],
"to": [
52,
93,
101,
110,
190,
201,
256
],
"2014,": [
53
],
"where": [
54,
115,
153
],
"we": [
55,
76,
106,
122
],
"defined": [
56
],
"horizontally": [
60
],
"drilled": [
61
],
"into": [
62
],
"an": [
63
],
"formation.": [
65
],
"identified": [
67,
123
],
"materials": [
68,
177,
185,
282
],
"spilled": [
69,
181
],
"by": [
70,
90,
212,
272
],
"state": [
71
],
"each": [
74
],
"material": [
75
],
"summarized": [
77,
107
],
"frequency,": [
78
],
"volumes": [
79,
182
],
"rates.": [
82
],
"evaluated": [
84
],
"environmental": [
86
],
"risk": [
87,
270
],
"calculating": [
91
],
"distance": [
92,
198
],
"nearest": [
95
],
"stream": [
96,
203
],
"compared": [
98
],
"these": [
99,
184
],
"distances": [
100
],
"existing": [
102,
234
],
"setback": [
103,
237
],
"regulations.": [
104
],
"Finally,": [
105
],
"relative": [
108,
254
],
"importance": [
109,
255
],
"drinking": [
111,
257
],
"water": [
112,
236,
258
],
"in": [
113,
140,
161,
206,
249
],
"watersheds": [
114,
250
],
"occurred.": [
117
],
"Across": [
118,
193
],
"all": [
119,
149,
194
],
"four": [
120
],
"states,": [
121,
195
],
"21,300": [
124
],
"6622": [
128
],
"reported": [
129
],
"spills.": [
130,
292
],
"The": [
131
],
"number": [
132
],
"horizontal": [
134
],
"well": [
135
],
"bores": [
136
],
"sharply": [
138
],
"beginning": [
139
],
"late": [
142
],
"2000s;": [
143
],
"rates": [
145,
280
],
"also": [
146
],
"states": [
150
],
"except": [
151
],
"PA": [
152
],
"rate": [
155
],
"initially": [
156
],
"increased,": [
157
],
"reached": [
158
],
"a": [
159,
202,
252
],
"maximum": [
160
],
"2009": [
162
],
"then": [
164,
221
],
"decreased.": [
165
],
"Wastewater,": [
166
],
"crude": [
167
],
"oil,": [
168
],
"drilling": [
169
],
"waste,": [
170
],
"hydraulic": [
172
],
"fracturing": [
173
],
"fluid": [
174
],
"were": [
175
],
"most": [
178
],
"often": [
179
],
"spilled;": [
180
],
"largely": [
186
],
"ranged": [
187
],
"100": [
189
],
"10,000": [
191
],
"L.": [
192
],
"average": [
197
],
"was": [
204
],
"highest": [
205
],
"Mexico": [
208
],
"(1379": [
209
],
"m),": [
210,
215,
224
],
"followed": [
211
],
"Colorado": [
213
],
"(747": [
214
],
"(598": [
218
],
"m)": [
219
],
"(268": [
223
],
"7.0,": [
226
],
"13.3,": [
227
],
"20.4%": [
229
],
"occurred": [
232,
248
],
"within": [
233
],
"surface": [
235
],
"regulations": [
238,
286
],
"30.5,": [
240
],
"61.0,": [
241
],
"91.4": [
243
],
"m,": [
244
],
"respectively.": [
245
],
"higher": [
253
],
"than": [
259
],
"other": [
261
],
"three": [
262
],
"states.": [
263
],
"Results": [
264
],
"this": [
266
],
"study": [
267
],
"can": [
268
],
"inform": [
269
],
"assessments": [
271
],
"providing": [
273
],
"improved": [
274
],
"input": [
275
],
"parameters": [
276
],
"on": [
277
],
"volume": [
278
],
"spilled,": [
283
],
"guide": [
285
],
"management": [
289
],
"policy": [
290
]
},
"apc_list": {
"value": 3870,
"currency": "USD",
"value_usd": 3870,
"provenance": "doaj"
},
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017149910",
"display_name": "Kelly O. Maloney",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": true,
"raw_author_name": "Kelly O. Maloney",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066756936",
"display_name": "Sharon Baruch\u2010Mordo",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-9866"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1280640908",
"display_name": "The Nature Conservancy",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0563w1497",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Sharon Baruch-Mordo",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"The Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E. Mountain Avenue, Suite 201, Fort Collins, CO 80524, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "The Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E. Mountain Avenue, Suite 201, Fort Collins, CO 80524, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060176474",
"display_name": "Lauren Patterson",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-7845"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317",
"display_name": "Duke University",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I170897317"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Lauren A. Patterson",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University, 2111 Campus Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University, 2111 Campus Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I170897317"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026659208",
"display_name": "Jean\u2010Philippe Nicot",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-362X"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288783943",
"display_name": "Bureau of Economic Analysis",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03b17a012",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1288783943",
"https://openalex.org/I1343035065"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309",
"display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I86519309"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Jean-Philippe Nicot",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Building 130, Austin, TX 78758, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Building 130, Austin, TX 78758, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1288783943",
"https://openalex.org/I86519309"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036764007",
"display_name": "Sally A. Entrekin",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-7832"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I32038505",
"display_name": "University of Central Arkansas",
"ror": "https://ror.org/029bp0k25",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I32038505"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210152127",
"display_name": "Conway School of Landscape Design",
"ror": "https://ror.org/04q7y8a54",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I4210152127"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Sally A. Entrekin",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, 201 Donaghey Avenue, Conway, AR 72035, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, 201 Donaghey Avenue, Conway, AR 72035, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I32038505",
"https://openalex.org/I4210152127"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032617635",
"display_name": "Joseph Fargione",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-5380"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1280640908",
"display_name": "The Nature Conservancy",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0563w1497",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Joseph E. Fargione",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"The Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Parkway, Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "The Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Parkway, Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013373254",
"display_name": "Joseph M. Kiesecker",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-5066"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1280640908",
"display_name": "The Nature Conservancy",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0563w1497",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Joseph M. Kiesecker",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"The Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E. Mountain Avenue, Suite 201, Fort Collins, CO 80524, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "The Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E. Mountain Avenue, Suite 201, Fort Collins, CO 80524, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011073009",
"display_name": "Kate Dayalu Konschnik",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-4924"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801851002",
"display_name": "Harvard University Press",
"ror": "https://ror.org/006v7bf86",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "other",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I136199984",
"https://openalex.org/I2801851002"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Kate E. Konschnik",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Environmental Policy Initiative, Harvard Law School, #4123 Wasserstein Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Environmental Policy Initiative, Harvard Law School, #4123 Wasserstein Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I2801851002"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003947910",
"display_name": "Joseph N. Ryan",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-0590"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660",
"display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I188538660"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Joseph N. Ryan",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 607, Boulder, CO 80309, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 607, Boulder, CO 80309, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I188538660"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062918956",
"display_name": "Anne M. Trainor",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1280640908",
"display_name": "The Nature Conservancy",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0563w1497",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Anne M. Trainor",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"The Nature Conservancy, Africa Program, 820G Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "The Nature Conservancy, Africa Program, 820G Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1280640908"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029882257",
"display_name": "James E. Saiers",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-3347"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I32971472",
"display_name": "Yale University",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03v76x132",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I32971472"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "James E. Saiers",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I32971472"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058013445",
"display_name": "Hannah Jacobs Wiseman",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I103163165",
"display_name": "Florida State University",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05g3dte14",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I103163165"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Hannah J. Wiseman",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Florida State University College of Law, 425 W. Jefferson Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Florida State University College of Law, 425 W. Jefferson Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I103163165"
]
}
]
}
],
"best_oa_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142",
"pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0048969716328327",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
"display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
"issn_l": "0048-9697",
"issn": [
"0048-9697",
"1879-1026"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
"host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Elsevier BV"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": "publisher-specific-oa",
"license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
"version": "acceptedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": false
},
"biblio": {
"volume": "581-582",
"issue": null,
"first_page": "369",
"last_page": "377"
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2564270698",
"cited_by_count": 98,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 98,
"max": 99
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c39432304",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7047113,
"qid": "Q166085"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c2779096232",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890794",
"display_name": "Hydraulic fracturing",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.66972077,
"qid": "Q159521"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c2985668151",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220187",
"display_name": "Oil spill",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5868609,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c153127940",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221378",
"display_name": "Oil shale",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56677246,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c25197100",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890886",
"display_name": "Drilling",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46555004,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c24345647",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147488",
"display_name": "Unconventional oil",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4602851,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c76886044",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300",
"display_name": "Hydrology (agriculture)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42428666,
"qid": "Q161210"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c548081761",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388",
"display_name": "Waste management",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3568263,
"qid": "Q226325"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c87717796",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326",
"display_name": "Environmental engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35380644,
"qid": "Q166113"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c78762247",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174",
"display_name": "Petroleum engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32235098,
"qid": "Q226294"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c127313418",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
"display_name": "Geology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.31394127,
"qid": "Q158984"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c127413603",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023",
"display_name": "Engineering",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.12657562,
"qid": "Q158977"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c187320778",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.12294462,
"qid": "Q226247"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c78519656",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333",
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q166118"
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/A5017149910"
],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
],
"countries_distinct_count": 1,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2024,
"cited_by_count": 2
},
{
"year": 2023,
"cited_by_count": 9
},
{
"year": 2022,
"cited_by_count": 18
},
{
"year": 2021,
"cited_by_count": 17
},
{
"year": 2020,
"cited_by_count": 16
},
{
"year": 2019,
"cited_by_count": 13
},
{
"year": 2018,
"cited_by_count": 17
},
{
"year": 2017,
"cited_by_count": 6
}
],
"created_date": "2017-01-06",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the U.S.",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142",
"fulltext_origin": "ngrams",
"fwci": 7.524,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": true,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2564270698",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2564270698",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142",
"mag": "2564270698",
"pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28043701"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref",
"pubmed"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 11,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-spill-detection",
"display_name": "Oil Spill Detection",
"score": 0.582063
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-spill-modeling",
"display_name": "Oil Spill Modeling",
"score": 0.565287
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142",
"pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0048969716328327",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
"display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
"issn_l": "0048-9697",
"issn": [
"0048-9697",
"1879-1026"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
"host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Elsevier BV"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": "publisher-specific-oa",
"license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
"version": "acceptedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": false
},
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28043701",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"display_name": "PubMed",
"issn_l": null,
"issn": null,
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
"host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"National Institutes of Health"
],
"type": "repository"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
}
],
"locations_count": 2,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2564270698/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0048969716328327",
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.142",
"pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0048969716328327",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
"display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
"issn_l": "0048-9697",
"issn": [
"0048-9697",
"1879-1026"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
"host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Elsevier BV"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": "publisher-specific-oa",
"license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
"version": "acceptedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": false
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11588",
"display_name": "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts",
"score": 0.9997,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
"display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2017-03-01",
"publication_year": 2017,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W1551533759",
"https://openalex.org/W1559338301",
"https://openalex.org/W1905964007",
"https://openalex.org/W1914374711",
"https://openalex.org/W1989318606",
"https://openalex.org/W1993252252",
"https://openalex.org/W1993791101",
"https://openalex.org/W1998693527",
"https://openalex.org/W2006482597",
"https://openalex.org/W2021202865",
"https://openalex.org/W2055473608",
"https://openalex.org/W2060012783",
"https://openalex.org/W2092108469",
"https://openalex.org/W2106718980",
"https://openalex.org/W2106736537",
"https://openalex.org/W2125737409",
"https://openalex.org/W2128720589",
"https://openalex.org/W2132472201",
"https://openalex.org/W2137958684",
"https://openalex.org/W2144356599",
"https://openalex.org/W2147625777",
"https://openalex.org/W2157666026",
"https://openalex.org/W2158778374",
"https://openalex.org/W2166886391",
"https://openalex.org/W2195553716",
"https://openalex.org/W2295238006",
"https://openalex.org/W2321597356",
"https://openalex.org/W2345116957",
"https://openalex.org/W2345904162",
"https://openalex.org/W245391484",
"https://openalex.org/W2476991023",
"https://openalex.org/W2510613397",
"https://openalex.org/W2514314328"
],
"referenced_works_count": 33,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4296744020",
"https://openalex.org/W4283119044",
"https://openalex.org/W4254511260",
"https://openalex.org/W4214882334",
"https://openalex.org/W3120342355",
"https://openalex.org/W3010044303",
"https://openalex.org/W3001931465",
"https://openalex.org/W2952359309",
"https://openalex.org/W2944249776",
"https://openalex.org/W2361447737"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"display_name": "Clean water and sanitation",
"score": 0.78,
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"
}
],
"title": "Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the U.S.",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11588",
"display_name": "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts",
"score": 0.9997,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
"display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T12316",
"display_name": "Detection and Impact of Oil Spills",
"score": 0.9883,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2310",
"display_name": "Pollution"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11357",
"display_name": "Risk Analysis and Management",
"score": 0.9181,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804",
"display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18",
"display_name": "Decision Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
"display_name": "Social Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-09T06:14:18.912991",
"versions": [],
"qid": null
}
}