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"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70185169", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70185169" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70185169 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1021/jf025622d", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025622d" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry", "volumeNumber": "50", "issueNumber": "21" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry" } ], "datePublished": "2002", "dateModified": "2018-11-26", "abstract": "Balance (isoxaflutole, IXF) belongs to a new family of herbicides referred to as isoxazoles. IXF has a very short soil half-life (<24 h), degrading to a biologically active diketonitrile (DKN) metabolite that is more polar and considerably more stable. Further degradation of the DKN metabolite produces a nonbiologically active benzoic acid (BA) metabolite. Analytical methods using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography\u2212UV (HPLC-UV) or high-performance liquid chromatography\u2212mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were developed for the analysis of IXF and its metabolites in distilled deionized water and ground water samples. To successfully detect and quantify the BA metabolite by HPLC-UV from ground water samples, a sequential elution scheme was necessary. Using HPLC-UV, the mean recoveries from sequential elution of the parent and its two metabolites from fortified ground water samples ranged from 68.6 to 101.4%. For HPLC-MS, solid phase extraction of ground water samples was performed using a polystyrene divinylbenzene polymer resin. The mean HPLC-MS recoveries of the three compounds from ground water samples spiked at 0.05\u22122 \u03bcg/L ranged from 100.9 to 110.3%. The limits of quantitation for HPLC-UV are approximately 150 ng/L for IXF, 100 ng/L for DKN, and 250 ng/L for BA. The limit of quantitation by HPLC-MS is 50 ng/L for each compound. The methods developed in this work can be applied to determine the transport and fate of Balance in the environment.", "description": "9 p. ", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "American Chemical Society" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Lin, Chung-Ho", "givenName": "Chung-Ho", "familyName": "Lin", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Forestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Lerch, Robert N.", "givenName": "Robert N.", "familyName": "Lerch" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Thurman, E. Michael", "givenName": "E. Michael", "familyName": "Thurman" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Garrett , Harold E.", "givenName": "Harold E.", "familyName": "Garrett " }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "George, Milon F.", "givenName": "Milon F.", "familyName": "George" } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Toxic Substances Hydrology Program", "url": null } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Balance": [ 0, 221 ], "(isoxaflutole,": [ 1 ], "IXF)": [ 2 ], "belongs": [ 3 ], "to": [ 4, 11, 24, 132, 170, 214 ], "a": [ 5, 16, 25, 46, 103, 146 ], "new": [ 6 ], "family": [ 7 ], "of": [ 8, 41, 76, 117, 139, 155, 174, 195, 220 ], "herbicides": [ 9 ], "referred": [ 10 ], "as": [ 12 ], "isoxazoles.": [ 13 ], "IXF": [ 14, 77 ], "has": [ 15 ], "very": [ 17 ], "short": [ 18 ], "soil": [ 19 ], "half-life": [ 20 ], "(<24": [ 21 ], "h),": [ 22 ], "degrading": [ 23 ], "biologically": [ 26 ], "active": [ 27, 48 ], "diketonitrile": [ 28 ], "(DKN)": [ 29 ], "metabolite": [ 30, 44, 96 ], "that": [ 31 ], "is": [ 32, 199 ], "more": [ 33, 37 ], "polar": [ 34 ], "and": [ 35, 78, 85, 92, 120, 188, 218 ], "considerably": [ 36 ], "stable.": [ 38 ], "Further": [ 39 ], "degradation": [ 40 ], "the": [ 42, 74, 94, 111, 118, 156, 216, 223 ], "DKN": [ 43 ], "produces": [ 45 ], "nonbiologically": [ 47 ], "benzoic": [ 49, 231 ], "acid": [ 50, 232 ], "(BA)": [ 51 ], "metabolite.": [ 52 ], "Analytical": [ 53 ], "methods": [ 54, 206 ], "using": [ 55, 145 ], "solid": [ 56, 136 ], "phase": [ 57, 137 ], "extraction": [ 58, 138 ], "followed": [ 59 ], "by": [ 60, 97, 197 ], "high-performance": [ 61, 66 ], "liquid": [ 62, 67 ], "chromatography\u2212UV": [ 63 ], "(HPLC-UV)": [ 64 ], "or": [ 65 ], "chromatography\u2212mass": [ 68 ], "spectrometry": [ 69 ], "(HPLC-MS)": [ 70 ], "were": [ 71 ], "developed": [ 72, 207 ], "for": [ 73, 176, 182, 186, 191, 202 ], "analysis": [ 75 ], "its": [ 79, 121 ], "metabolites": [ 80, 123 ], "in": [ 81, 208, 222 ], "distilled": [ 82 ], "deionized": [ 83 ], "water": [ 84, 87, 101, 127, 141, 161 ], "ground": [ 86, 100, 126, 140, 160 ], "samples.": [ 88 ], "To": [ 89 ], "successfully": [ 90 ], "detect": [ 91 ], "quantify": [ 93 ], "BA": [ 95 ], "HPLC-UV": [ 98, 177, 235 ], "from": [ 99, 114, 124, 130, 159, 168 ], "samples,": [ 102 ], "sequential": [ 104, 115 ], "elution": [ 105, 116 ], "scheme": [ 106 ], "was": [ 107, 143 ], "necessary.": [ 108 ], "Using": [ 109 ], "HPLC-UV,": [ 110 ], "mean": [ 112, 152 ], "recoveries": [ 113, 154 ], "parent": [ 119 ], "two": [ 122 ], "fortified": [ 125 ], "samples": [ 128, 142, 162 ], "ranged": [ 129, 167 ], "68.6": [ 131 ], "101.4%.": [ 133 ], "For": [ 134 ], "HPLC-MS,": [ 135 ], "performed": [ 144 ], "polystyrene": [ 147 ], "divinylbenzene": [ 148 ], "polymer": [ 149 ], "resin.": [ 150 ], "The": [ 151, 172, 193, 205 ], "HPLC-MS": [ 153, 198 ], "three": [ 157 ], "compounds": [ 158 ], "spiked": [ 163 ], "at": [ 164 ], "0.05\u22122": [ 165 ], "\u03bcg/L": [ 166 ], "100.9": [ 169 ], "110.3%.": [ 171 ], "limits": [ 173 ], "quantitation": [ 175, 196 ], "are": [ 178 ], "approximately": [ 179 ], "150": [ 180 ], "ng/L": [ 181, 185, 190, 201 ], "IXF,": [ 183 ], "100": [ 184 ], "DKN,": [ 187 ], "250": [ 189 ], "BA.": [ 192 ], "limit": [ 194 ], "50": [ 200 ], "each": [ 203 ], "compound.": [ 204 ], "this": [ 209 ], "work": [ 210 ], "can": [ 211 ], "be": [ 212 ], "applied": [ 213 ], "determine": [ 215 ], "transport": [ 217 ], "fate": [ 219 ], "environment.": [ 224 ], "Keywords:": [ 225 ], "Isoxaflutole;": [ 226 ], "herbicide;": [ 227 ], "metabolites;": [ 228 ], "chromatography;": [ 229 ], "diketonitrile;": [ 230 ], "metabolite,": [ 233 ], "HPLC-MS;": [ 234 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5049025199", "display_name": "Chung\u2010Ho Lin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-6171" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I76835614", "display_name": "University of Missouri", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ymw8z06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I76835614" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chung-Ho Lin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "203G Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "203G Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I76835614" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5077063212", "display_name": "Robert N. 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