{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series",
"name": "Assessing gas-hydrate prospects on the North Slope of Alaska\u2014Theoretical considerations",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "sir20085175",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20085175"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 97078
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3133/sir20085175",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085175"
}
],
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Scientific Investigations Report"
}
],
"datePublished": "2008",
"dateModified": "2018-08-28",
"abstract": "Gas-hydrate resource assessment on the Alaska North Slope using 3-D and 2-D seismic data involved six important steps: (1) determining the top and base of the gas-hydrate stability zone, (2) 'tying' well log information to seismic data through synthetic seismograms, (3) differentiating ice from gas hydrate in the permafrost interval, (4) developing an acoustic model for the reservoir and seal, (5) developing a method to estimate gas-hydrate saturation and thickness from seismic attributes, and (6) assessing the potential gas-hydrate prospects from seismic data based on potential migration pathways, source, reservoir quality, and other relevant geological information. This report describes the first five steps in detail using well logs and provides theoretical backgrounds for resource assessments carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey.\r\n\r\nMeasured and predicted P-wave velocities enabled us to tie synthetic seismograms to the seismic data. The calculated gas-hydrate stability zone from subsurface wellbore temperature data enabled us to focus our effort on the most promising depth intervals in the seismic data. A typical reservoir in this area is characterized by the P-wave velocity of 1.88 km/s, porosity of 42 percent, and clay volume content of 5 percent, whereas seal sediments encasing the reservoir are characterized by the P-wave velocity of 2.2 km/s, porosity of 32 percent, and clay volume content of 20 percent. Because the impedance of a reservoir without gas hydrate is less than that of the seal, a complex amplitude variation with respect to gas-hydrate saturation is predicted, namely polarity change, amplitude blanking, and high seismic amplitude (a bright spot). This amplitude variation with gas-hydrate saturation is the physical basis for the method used to quantify the resource potential of gas hydrates in this assessment.",
"description": "iv, 28 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Myung W.",
"familyName": "Lee",
"email": "mlee@usgs.gov",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Central Energy Resources Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/central-energy-resources-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Collett, Timothy S. tcollett@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Timothy S.",
"familyName": "Collett",
"email": "tcollett@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-7598-4708",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Energy Resources Program",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/energy-resources-program"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/woods-hole-coastal-and-marine-science-center"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Central Energy Resources Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/central-energy-resources-science-center"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Warren F.",
"familyName": "Agena",
"email": "wagena@usgs.gov",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Central Energy Resources Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/central-energy-resources-science-center"
}
]
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Central Energy Resources Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/central-energy-resources-science-center"
}
]
}
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"Gas-hydrate": [
0
],
"resource": [
1,
113,
271
],
"assessment": [
2
],
"on": [
3,
84,
153
],
"the": [
4,
20,
25,
47,
56,
76,
99,
118,
134,
154,
160,
172,
193,
198,
216,
229,
261,
265,
270
],
"Alaska": [
5
],
"North": [
6
],
"Slope": [
7
],
"using": [
8,
105
],
"3-D": [
9
],
"and": [
10,
22,
58,
68,
73,
91,
108,
123,
182,
208,
247
],
"2-D": [
11
],
"seismic": [
12,
35,
71,
81,
135,
161,
249
],
"data": [
13,
36,
82,
146
],
"involved": [
14
],
"six": [
15
],
"important": [
16
],
"steps:": [
17
],
"(1)": [
18
],
"determining": [
19
],
"top": [
21
],
"base": [
23
],
"of": [
24,
175,
179,
186,
201,
205,
212,
218,
228,
273
],
"gas-hydrate": [
26,
66,
78,
139,
238,
258
],
"stability": [
27,
140
],
"zone,": [
28
],
"(2)": [
29
],
"'tying'": [
30
],
"well": [
31,
106
],
"log": [
32
],
"information": [
33
],
"to": [
34,
64,
129,
133,
149,
237,
268
],
"through": [
37
],
"synthetic": [
38,
131
],
"seismograms,": [
39
],
"(3)": [
40
],
"differentiating": [
41
],
"ice": [
42
],
"from": [
43,
70,
80,
142
],
"gas": [
44,
222,
274
],
"hydrate": [
45,
223
],
"in": [
46,
103,
159,
166,
276
],
"permafrost": [
48
],
"interval,": [
49
],
"(4)": [
50
],
"developing": [
51,
61
],
"an": [
52
],
"acoustic": [
53
],
"model": [
54
],
"for": [
55,
112,
264
],
"reservoir": [
57,
89,
165,
194,
220
],
"seal,": [
59,
230
],
"(5)": [
60
],
"a": [
62,
219,
231
],
"method": [
63,
266
],
"estimate": [
65
],
"saturation": [
67,
239,
259
],
"thickness": [
69
],
"attributes,": [
72
],
"(6)": [
74
],
"assessing": [
75
],
"potential": [
77,
85,
272
],
"prospects": [
79
],
"based": [
83
],
"migration": [
86
],
"pathways,": [
87
],
"source,": [
88
],
"quality,": [
90
],
"other": [
92
],
"relevant": [
93
],
"geological": [
94
],
"information.": [
95
],
"This": [
96,
254
],
"report": [
97
],
"describes": [
98
],
"first": [
100
],
"five": [
101
],
"steps": [
102
],
"detail": [
104
],
"logs": [
107
],
"provides": [
109
],
"theoretical": [
110
],
"backgrounds": [
111
],
"assessments": [
114
],
"carried": [
115
],
"out": [
116
],
"by": [
117,
171,
197
],
"U.S.": [
119
],
"Geological": [
120
],
"Survey.": [
121
],
"Measured": [
122
],
"predicted": [
124
],
"P-wave": [
125,
173,
199
],
"velocities": [
126
],
"enabled": [
127,
147
],
"us": [
128,
148
],
"tie": [
130
],
"seismograms": [
132
],
"data.": [
136,
162
],
"The": [
137
],
"calculated": [
138
],
"zone": [
141
],
"subsurface": [
143
],
"wellbore": [
144
],
"temperature": [
145
],
"focus": [
150
],
"our": [
151
],
"effort": [
152
],
"most": [
155
],
"promising": [
156
],
"depth": [
157
],
"intervals": [
158
],
"A": [
163
],
"typical": [
164
],
"this": [
167,
277
],
"area": [
168
],
"is": [
169,
224,
240,
260
],
"characterized": [
170,
196
],
"velocity": [
174,
200
],
"1.88": [
176
],
"km/s,": [
177,
203
],
"porosity": [
178,
204
],
"42": [
180
],
"percent,": [
181,
188,
207
],
"clay": [
183,
209
],
"volume": [
184,
210
],
"content": [
185,
211
],
"5": [
187
],
"whereas": [
189
],
"seal": [
190
],
"sediments": [
191
],
"encasing": [
192
],
"are": [
195
],
"2.2": [
202
],
"32": [
206
],
"20": [
213
],
"percent.": [
214
],
"Because": [
215
],
"impedance": [
217
],
"without": [
221
],
"less": [
225
],
"than": [
226
],
"that": [
227
],
"complex": [
232
],
"amplitude": [
233,
245,
250,
255
],
"variation": [
234,
256
],
"with": [
235,
257
],
"respect": [
236
],
"predicted,": [
241
],
"namely": [
242
],
"polarity": [
243
],
"change,": [
244
],
"blanking,": [
246
],
"high": [
248
],
"(a": [
251
],
"bright": [
252
],
"spot).": [
253
],
"physical": [
262
],
"basis": [
263
],
"used": [
267
],
"quantify": [
269
],
"hydrates": [
275
],
"assessment.": [
278
]
},
"apc_list": null,
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038481165",
"display_name": "Myung W. Lee",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Myung W. Lee",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071208660",
"display_name": "Timothy S. Collett",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708"
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Timothy S. Collett",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031054249",
"display_name": "W.F. Agena",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Warren F. Agena",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
}
],
"best_oa_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085175",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5175/pdf/SIR08-5175_508.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
"display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
"issn_l": "2328-0328",
"issn": [
"2328-0328",
"2328-031X",
"2332-5607"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Geological Survey",
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
},
"biblio": {
"volume": null,
"issue": null,
"first_page": null,
"last_page": null
},
"citation_normalized_percentile": {
"value": 0.671317,
"is_in_top_1_percent": false,
"is_in_top_10_percent": false
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W163278391",
"cited_by_count": 8,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 83,
"max": 84
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c100402318",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864080",
"display_name": "Clathrate hydrate",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.79814243,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c127313418",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
"display_name": "Geology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.78579235,
"qid": "Q158984"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c169744125",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510375",
"display_name": "Seismogram",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.73456603,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c9930424",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587",
"display_name": "Saturation (graph theory)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5556933,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c2781060337",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462174",
"display_name": "Hydrate",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5218003,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c120882062",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352",
"display_name": "Permeability (electromagnetism)",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5025952,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c6648577",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669",
"display_name": "Porosity",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48314852,
"qid": "Q159368"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c78762247",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174",
"display_name": "Petroleum engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4585315,
"qid": "Q226294"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c137219930",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662785",
"display_name": "Synthetic seismogram",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44918358,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c15098985",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918",
"display_name": "Permafrost",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44091684,
"qid": "Q159369"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c165205528",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371",
"display_name": "Seismology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42890558,
"qid": "Q159027"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c5900021",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082",
"display_name": "Petrology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41605085,
"qid": "Q159022"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c199289684",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353",
"display_name": "Mineralogy",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3973539,
"qid": "Q159009"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c187320778",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3196801,
"qid": "Q226247"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c185592680",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q166089"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c178790620",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351",
"display_name": "Organic chemistry",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q166197"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c41625074",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088",
"display_name": "Membrane",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c86803240",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
"display_name": "Biology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q158998"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c54355233",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162",
"display_name": "Genetics",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q158979"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c111368507",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518",
"display_name": "Oceanography",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q166123"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c33923547",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395",
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q161189"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c114614502",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592",
"display_name": "Combinatorics",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q226207"
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [],
"countries_distinct_count": 0,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2022,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2016,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2014,
"cited_by_count": 2
},
{
"year": 2013,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2012,
"cited_by_count": 1
}
],
"created_date": "2016-06-24",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "Assessing gas-hydrate prospects on the North Slope of Alaska\u2014Theoretical considerations",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085175",
"fwci": 0.492,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": false,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W163278391",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W163278391",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085175",
"mag": "163278391"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 0,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clathrate-hydrate",
"display_name": "Clathrate hydrate",
"score": 0.79814243
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/seismogram",
"display_name": "Seismogram",
"score": 0.73456603
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/saturation",
"display_name": "Saturation (graph theory)",
"score": 0.5556933
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-hydrates",
"display_name": "Gas Hydrates",
"score": 0.504985
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-seismogram",
"display_name": "Synthetic seismogram",
"score": 0.44918358
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085175",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5175/pdf/SIR08-5175_508.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
"display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
"issn_l": "2328-0328",
"issn": [
"2328-0328",
"2328-031X",
"2332-5607"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Geological Survey",
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
}
],
"locations_count": 1,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W163278391/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5175/pdf/SIR08-5175_508.pdf",
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085175",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5175/pdf/SIR08-5175_508.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
"display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
"issn_l": "2328-0328",
"issn": [
"2328-0328",
"2328-031X",
"2332-5607"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Geological Survey",
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10995",
"display_name": "Anaerobic Methane Oxidation and Gas Hydrates",
"score": 0.9999,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
"display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2008-01-01",
"publication_year": 2008,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W1016502302",
"https://openalex.org/W141880397",
"https://openalex.org/W1562355346",
"https://openalex.org/W1572719104",
"https://openalex.org/W1600176878",
"https://openalex.org/W1635346177",
"https://openalex.org/W1980684256",
"https://openalex.org/W2008201071",
"https://openalex.org/W2048616212",
"https://openalex.org/W2092198478",
"https://openalex.org/W2101813461",
"https://openalex.org/W2102455575",
"https://openalex.org/W2168133319",
"https://openalex.org/W3012877039",
"https://openalex.org/W4247074347",
"https://openalex.org/W68076466"
],
"referenced_works_count": 16,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4284966211",
"https://openalex.org/W2941116126",
"https://openalex.org/W2899572291",
"https://openalex.org/W2742825824",
"https://openalex.org/W2519671027",
"https://openalex.org/W2329484265",
"https://openalex.org/W2324083682",
"https://openalex.org/W2031786783",
"https://openalex.org/W2023438849",
"https://openalex.org/W1969719671"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [],
"title": "Assessing gas-hydrate prospects on the North Slope of Alaska\u2014Theoretical considerations",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10995",
"display_name": "Anaerobic Methane Oxidation and Gas Hydrates",
"score": 0.9999,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
"display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10399",
"display_name": "Characterization of Shale Gas Pore Structure",
"score": 0.9982,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2211",
"display_name": "Mechanics of Materials"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
"display_name": "Engineering"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-10T09:23:17.483031",
"versions": [],
"qid": "Q65372"
}
}