{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "The effects of management practices on grassland birds\u2014Brewer\u2019s Sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri)", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "pp1842AA", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1842AA"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70214667}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/pp1842AA", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842AA"}], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [{"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Professional Paper"}], "datePublished": "2020", "dateModified": "2023-12-20", "abstract": "Keys to Brewer\u2019s Sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri) management include maintaining extensive, unfragmented patches of suitable breeding habitat; reducing conifer cover and height; preventing the invasion of conifers and nonnative plants, especially cheatgrass (downy brome [Bromus tectorum]); minimizing disturbance to soil; and restricting the use of pesticides and herbicides during the breeding season (April\u2013July). Brewer\u2019s Sparrows have been reported to use breeding habitats with 12\u2013170 centimeter (cm) vegetation height, 2\u201334 cm visual obstruction reading, 1\u201374 percent grass cover, less than (<) 19 percent forb cover, 1\u201365 percent shrub cover, 1\u201375 percent bare ground, 2\u201361 percent litter cover, and <1 cm litter depth. During post-fledging dispersal in July, Brewer\u2019s Sparrow adults and young may shift habitat use to nearby aspen (Populus species [spp.]), riparian shrub, or deciduous mountain shrub habitats, so these habitats also may be important for management.", "description": "iv, 31 p.", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Walker, Brett L.", "givenName": "Brett L.", "familyName": "Walker"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Igl, Lawrence D.", "givenName": "Lawrence D.", "familyName": "Igl", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0530-7266", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/northern-prairie-wildlife-research-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Shaffer, Jill A.", "givenName": "Jill A.", "familyName": "Shaffer", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-3172-0708", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/northern-prairie-wildlife-research-center"}]}], "funder": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/northern-prairie-wildlife-research-center"}]}