{
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"name": "Field and laboratory determination of water-surface elevation and velocity using noncontact measurements",
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"value": "70192861",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70192861"
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"inLanguage": "en",
"datePublished": "2016",
"dateModified": "2018-02-15",
"abstract": "Noncontact methods for measuring water-surface elevation and velocity in laboratory flumes and rivers are presented with examples. Water-surface elevations are measured using an array of acoustic transducers in the laboratory and using laser scanning in field situations. Water-surface velocities are based on using particle image velocimetry or other machine vision techniques on infrared video of the water surface. Using spatial and temporal averaging, results from these methods provide information \nthat can be used to develop estimates of discharge for flows over known bathymetry. Making such estimates requires relating water-surface velocities to vertically averaged velocities; the methods here use standard relations. To examine where these relations break down, laboratory data for flows over simple bumps of three amplitudes are evaluated. As anticipated, discharges determined from surface information can have large errors where nonhydrostatic effects are large. In addition to investigating and characterizing this potential error in estimating discharge, a simple method for correction of the issue is presented. With a simple correction based on bed gradient along the flow direction, remotely sensed estimates of discharge appear to be viable.",
"publisher": {
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"name": "International Association of Hydraulic Research"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Nelson, Jonathan M. jmn@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Jonathan M.",
"familyName": "Nelson",
"email": "jmn@usgs.gov",
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"value": "0000-0002-7632-8526",
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"@type": "Organization",
"name": "National Research Program - Central Branch",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Kinzel, Paul J. pjkinzel@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Paul J.",
"familyName": "Kinzel",
"email": "pjkinzel@usgs.gov",
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"value": "0000-0002-6076-9730",
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"@type": "Organization",
"name": "National Research Program - Western Branch",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "National Research Program - Central Branch",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
},
{
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"name": "Colorado Water Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/colorado-water-science-center"
},
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"name": "WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division",
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"@type": "Person",
"name": "Schmeeckle, Mark Walter",
"givenName": "Mark Walter",
"familyName": "Schmeeckle"
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"name": "McDonald, Richard R. rmcd@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Richard R.",
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"name": "National Research Program - Central Branch",
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"@type": "Person",
"name": "Minear, Justin T.",
"givenName": "Justin T.",
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