{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"additionalType": "Other Government Series",
"name": "Land cover and land use change",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70201871",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70201871"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70201871
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH5",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH5"
}
],
"inLanguage": "en",
"datePublished": "2018",
"dateModified": "2019-02-01",
"abstract": "Climate can affect and be affected by changes in\u00a0land cover\u00a0(the physical features that cover the land such as trees or pavement) and land use (human management and activities on land, such as mining or recreation). A forest, for instance, would likely include tree cover but could also include areas of recent tree removals currently covered by open grass areas. Land cover and use are inherently coupled: changes in land-use practices can change land cover, and land cover enables specific land uses. Understanding how land cover, use, condition, and management vary in space and time is challenging.Changes in land cover can occur in response to both human and climate drivers. For example, demand for new settlements often results in the permanent loss of natural and working lands, which can result in localized changes in weather patterns, temperature, and precipitation. Aggregated over large areas, these changes have the potential to influence Earth\u2019s climate by altering regional and global circulation patterns, changing the albedo (reflectivity) of Earth\u2019s surface, and changing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Conversely,\u00a0climate change\u00a0can also influence land cover, resulting in a loss of forest cover from climate-related increases in disturbances, the expansion of woody vegetation into grasslands, and the loss of beaches due to coastal erosion amplified by rises in sea level.Land use\u00a0is also changed by both human and climate drivers. Land-use decisions are traditionally based on short-term economic factors. Land-use changes are increasingly being influenced by distant forces due to the globalization of many markets. Land use can also change due to local, state, and national policies, such as programs designed to remove cultivation from highly erodible land to mitigate degradation,\u00a0legislation to address sea level rise in local comprehensive plans, or policies that reduce the rate of timber harvest on federal lands. Technological innovation has also influenced land-use change, with the expansion of cultivated lands from the development of irrigation technologies and, more recently, decreases in demand for agricultural land due to increases in crop productivity. The recent expansion of oil and gas extraction activities throughout large areas of the United States demonstrates how policy, economics, and technology can collectively influence and change land use and land cover.Decisions about land use, cover, and management can help determine society\u2019s ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change.",
"description": "30 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "U.S. Global Change Research Program"
},
"editor": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Reidmiller, David",
"givenName": "David",
"familyName": "Reidmiller",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0001-9321-7548",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "National Climate Adaptation Science Center",
"url": null
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Avery, C. W.",
"givenName": "C. W.",
"familyName": "Avery"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Easterling, D. R.",
"givenName": "D. R.",
"familyName": "Easterling"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Kunkel, K. E.",
"givenName": "K. E.",
"familyName": "Kunkel"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Lewis, K. L. M.",
"givenName": "K. L. M.",
"familyName": "Lewis"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Maycock, T. K.",
"givenName": "T. K.",
"familyName": "Maycock"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Stewart, B. C.",
"givenName": "B. C.",
"familyName": "Stewart"
}
],
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Loveland, Thomas",
"givenName": "Thomas",
"familyName": "Loveland",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0003-3114-6646",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Sleeter, Benjamin M. bsleeter@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Benjamin M.",
"familyName": "Sleeter",
"email": "bsleeter@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0003-2371-9571",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Western Fisheries Research Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/western-fisheries-research-center"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Western Geographic Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/western-geographic-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Domke, Grant",
"givenName": "Grant",
"familyName": "Domke",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0003-0485-0355",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-0355"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "U.S. Forest Service"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Herold, Nate",
"givenName": "Nate",
"familyName": "Herold",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Wickham, James",
"givenName": "James",
"familyName": "Wickham",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "EPA NEIC"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Wood, Nathan J. nwood@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Nathan J.",
"familyName": "Wood",
"email": "nwood@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-6060-9729",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Western Geographic Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/western-geographic-science-center"
}
]
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/ecosystems"
}
]
}
}