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"name": "Controls of the spatial variability of denitrification potential in nontidal floodplains of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA",
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"value": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.11.015",
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"abstract": "Identifying\u00a0floodplains\u00a0with high rates of\u00a0denitrification\u00a0will\u00a0help prioritize restoration projects for the removal of nitrogen. Currently, relationships of denitrification with hydrogeomorphic, physiographic, and\u00a0climate\u00a0(i.e., largescale) characteristics of floodplains are relatively unknown, even though these characteristics have datasets (e.g., geographic mapping tools) that are publicly available (or soon-to-become) that could be used to understand denitrification variability. Thus, we investigated control of denitrification by these largescale characteristics in eighteen nontidal floodplains of the Chesapeake Bay\u00a0watershed\u00a0(i.e., at regional scale, >100\u202fkm, scale), using\u00a0measurements\u00a0or compiled data at the scales of the\u00a0stream\u00a0reach and respective\u00a0catchment; floodplain\u00a0soil\u00a0and herbaceous\u00a0vegetation\u00a0(i.e., local) characteristics were additionally investigated. Soil denitrification potentials were measured in May, July, and August using complementary acetylene-based techniques under an anoxic environment. Linear largescale predictors of denitrification potential measurements included stream nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (+), channel width-to-depth ratio (+), floodplain\u00a0sedimentation\u00a0(+), forested (\u2212) and urban (+) catchment\u00a0land cover, and seasonal air temperature (\u2212). Three predictors,\u00a0catchment forested\u00a0land cover (strongly related to agricultural land cover), catchment urban land cover, and floodplain sedimentation were related to the most number of denitrification potential measurements.\u00a0Soil structure,\u00a0soil nutrient\u00a0concentrations, and herbaceous vegetation characteristics that were seasonally measured (with a few exceptions) were linear predictors of denitrification potentials in May and August, with nitrogen and carbon characteristics the most consistent (positive) predictors across measurements.\u00a0Nutrient\u00a0amendment\u00a0assays\u00a0further supported the importance of nitrogen and carbon controls. Using the local characteristics as statistical mediators in path analysis, greater non-forested catchment land cover indirectly increased denitrification through greater floodplain soil\u00a0nitrate, total phosphorus, and herbaceous\u00a0aboveground biomass. Additionally, greater floodplain sedimentation indirectly increased denitrification through greater\u00a0soil pH, total phosphorus, and potential\u00a0carbon mineralization. Due to the consistency of relationships across denitrification potential measurements along with path modeling results, hotspots of floodplain denitrification should be found in urban and\u00a0agricultural catchments\u00a0where river-floodplain hydrologic connectivity promotes sedimentation. Largescale predictors explained 43\u201357% of the variation in denitrification potentials and should be useful for\u00a0prediction\u00a0in floodplains. Siting restoration projects in watersheds for maximum nitrate removal using publicly available largescale datasets is both feasible and effective.",
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