{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Occurrence of Escherichia coli and enterococci in Cladophora (Chlorophyta) in nearshore water and beach sand of Lake Michigan",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70171300",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70171300"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70171300
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1128/AEM.69.8.4714-4719.2003",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.8.4714-4719.2003"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Applied and Environmental Microbiology",
"volumeNumber": "69",
"issueNumber": "8"
},
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Applied and Environmental Microbiology"
}
],
"datePublished": "2003",
"dateModified": "2016-05-26",
"abstract": "Each summer, the nuisance green alga\u00a0Cladophora\u00a0(mostly\u00a0Cladophora glomerata) amasses along Lake Michigan beaches, creating nearshore anoxia and unsightly, malodorous mats that can attract problem animals and detract from visitor enjoyment. Traditionally, elevated counts of\u00a0Escherichia coli\u00a0are presumed to indicate the presence of sewage, mostly derived from nearby point sources. The relationship between fecal indicator bacteria and\u00a0Cladophora\u00a0remains essentially unstudied. This investigation describes the local and regional density ofEscherichia coli\u00a0and enterococci in\u00a0Cladophora\u00a0mats along beaches in the four states (Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan) bordering Lake Michigan. Samples of\u00a0Cladophora\u00a0strands collected from 10 beaches (n\u00a0= 41) were assayed for concentrations of\u00a0E. coli\u00a0and enterococci during the summer of 2002. Both\u00a0E. coli\u00a0and enterococci were ubiquitous (up to 97% occurrence), with overall log mean densities (\u00b1 standard errors) of 5.3 (\u00b1 4.8) and 4.8 (\u00b1 4.5) per g (dry weight).\u00a0E. coli\u00a0and enterococci were strongly correlated in southern Lake Michigan beaches (P< 0.001,\u00a0R2\u00a0= 0.73,\u00a0n\u00a0= 17) but not in northern beaches (P\u00a0= 0.892,\u00a0n\u00a0= 16). BothE. coli\u00a0and enterococci survived for over 6 months in sun-dried\u00a0Cladophora\u00a0mats stored at 4\u00b0C; the residual bacteria in the dried alga readily grew upon rehydration. These findings suggest that\u00a0Cladophora\u00a0amassing along the beaches of Lake Michigan may be an important environmental source of indicator bacteria and call into question the reliability of\u00a0E. coli\u00a0and enterococci as indicators of water quality for freshwater recreational beaches.",
"description": "6 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "American Society for Microbiology"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Richard L.",
"familyName": "Whitman",
"email": "rwhitman@usgs.gov",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Great Lakes Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/great-lakes-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Shively, Dawn A. dshively@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Dawn A.",
"familyName": "Shively",
"email": "dshively@usgs.gov",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Great Lakes Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/great-lakes-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Pawlik, Heather",
"givenName": "Heather",
"familyName": "Pawlik"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Nevers, Meredith mnevers@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Meredith",
"familyName": "Nevers",
"email": "mnevers@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0001-6963-6734",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Great Lakes Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/great-lakes-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. byappan@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Muruleedhara N.",
"familyName": "Byappanahalli",
"email": "byappan@usgs.gov",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Great Lakes Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/great-lakes-science-center"
}
]
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Great Lakes Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/great-lakes-science-center"
}
]
}
}