{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Chronic toxicity of the bromoxynil formulation Buctril\u00ae to Daphnia magna exposed continuously and intermittently",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70178165",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70178165"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70178165
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1007/BF00212126",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212126"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology",
"volumeNumber": "25",
"issueNumber": "2"
},
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"
}
],
"datePublished": "1993",
"dateModified": "2016-11-04",
"abstract": "Two chronic toxicity tests were conducted in which Daphnia magna were either continuously or intermittently exposed to bromoxynil octanoate (BO; as Buctril\u00ae) for 28 d. In the intermittent exposure test, daphnids were exposed to daily pulses of BO with 24-h mean concentrations equal to those in the continuous exposure test, and the peak concentrations were three times the 24-h mean values. After 28 d of continuous exposure to BO, survival of daphnids was reduced at 80 \u03bcg/L, whereas mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults were all reduced at \u2a7e40 \u03bcg/L. Intermittent exposures to daily pulses of BO for 28 d caused reduced survival of daphnids at 24-h mean concentrations \u2a7e40 \u03bcg/L and reduced mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults at 24-h mean concentrations \u2a7e20 \u03bcg/L. The estimated geometric mean-maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations of BO based on 24-h mean nominal values were 28 \u03bcg/L for continuous exposures and 14 \u03bcg/L for intermittent exposures. These results demonstrated that continuous-exposure studies may not be adequate in assessing herbicide toxicity to aquatic biota when concentrations fluctuate temporally.",
"description": "8 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Springer"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Buhl, Kevin J. kevin_buhl@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Kevin J.",
"familyName": "Buhl",
"email": "kevin_buhl@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-9963-2352",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Columbia Environmental Research Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/columbia-environmental-research-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Hamilton, Steven J.",
"givenName": "Steven J.",
"familyName": "Hamilton"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Schmulbach, James C.",
"givenName": "James C.",
"familyName": "Schmulbach"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Columbia Environmental Research Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/columbia-environmental-research-center"
}
]
}
}