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To evaluate this assay, 9 g of matched sets of three different soil types (loamy sand [sand], sandy loam [loam] and clay) was spiked with 0, ~4.5, 45, 225, 675 and 1350 endospores. One matched set was evaluated using a previously published endospore concentration and colony-forming unit spreadplate (CFU-S) assay and the other matched set was evaluated using an E-PCR assay to investigate differences in limits of detection between the two assays. Data illustrated that detection using the CFU-S assay at the 45-endospore spike level started to become sporadic whereas the E-PCR assay produced repeatable detection at the ~4.5-endospore spike concentration. The E-PCR produced an ~2-log increase in sensitivity and required slightly less time to complete than the CFU-S assay. This study also investigated differences in recovery among pure and blended sand and clay soils and found potential activation of B. anthracis in predominately clay-based soils.", "description": "5, 14 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "MDPI" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Griffin, Dale W. dgriffin@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Dale W.", "familyName": "Griffin", "email": "dgriffin@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-1719-5812", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/spcmsc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Lisle, John T. jlisle@usgs.gov", "givenName": "John T.", "familyName": "Lisle", "email": "jlisle@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-5447-2092", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/spcmsc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Feldhake, David", "givenName": "David", "familyName": "Feldhake" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Silvestri, Erin E.", "givenName": "Erin E.", "familyName": "Silvestri", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "US EPA" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/spcmsc" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "A": [ 0 ], "liquid": [ 1 ], "culture": [ 2 ], "enrichment-polymerase": [ 3 ], "chain": [ 4 ], "reaction": [ 5 ], "(E-PCR)": [ 6 ], "assay": [ 7, 31, 95, 106, 125, 138 ], "was": [ 8, 68, 82, 101 ], "investigated": [ 9, 169 ], "as": [ 10 ], "a": [ 11, 85 ], "potential": [ 12, 183 ], "tool": [ 13 ], "to": [ 14, 107, 132, 160 ], "overcome": [ 15 ], "inhibition": [ 16 ], "by": [ 17 ], "chemical": [ 18 ], "component,": [ 19 ], "debris,": [ 20 ], "and": [ 21, 66, 76, 90, 96, 155, 175, 178, 181 ], "background": [ 22 ], "biological": [ 23 ], "impurities": [ 24 ], "in": [ 25, 110, 153, 171, 188 ], "soil": [ 26, 34, 58 ], "that": [ 27, 120 ], "were": [ 28 ], "affecting": [ 29 ], "detection": [ 30, 113, 121, 141 ], "performance": [ 32 ], "for": [ 33, 43 ], "samples": [ 35 ], "containing": [ 36 ], "Bacillus": [ 37 ], "atrophaeus": [ 38 ], "subsp.": [ 39 ], "globigii": [ 40 ], "(a": [ 41 ], "surrogate": [ 42 ], "B.": [ 44, 186 ], "anthracis).": [ 45 ], "To": [ 46 ], "evaluate": [ 47 ], "this": [ 48 ], "assay,": [ 49 ], "9": [ 50 ], "g": [ 51 ], "of": [ 52, 55, 112, 185 ], "matched": [ 53, 80, 99 ], "sets": [ 54 ], "three": [ 56 ], "different": [ 57 ], "types": [ 59 ], "(loamy": [ 60 ], "sand": [ 61, 177 ], "[sand],": [ 62 ], "sandy": [ 63 ], "loam": [ 64 ], "[loam]": [ 65 ], "clay)": [ 67 ], "spiked": [ 69 ], "with": [ 70 ], "0,": [ 71 ], "~4.5,": [ 72 ], "45,": [ 73 ], "225,": [ 74 ], "675": [ 75 ], "1350": [ 77 ], "endospores.": [ 78 ], "One": [ 79 ], "set": [ 81, 100 ], "evaluated": [ 83, 102 ], "using": [ 84, 103, 122 ], "previously": [ 86 ], "published": [ 87 ], "endospore": [ 88 ], "concentration": [ 89 ], "colony-forming": [ 91 ], "unit": [ 92 ], "spreadplate": [ 93 ], "(CFU-S)": [ 94 ], "the": [ 97, 115, 123, 127, 136, 143, 163 ], "other": [ 98 ], "an": [ 104, 150 ], "E-PCR": [ 105, 137, 148 ], "investigate": [ 108 ], "differences": [ 109, 170 ], "limits": [ 111 ], "between": [ 114 ], "two": [ 116 ], "assays.": [ 117 ], "Data": [ 118 ], "illustrated": [ 119 ], "CFU-S": [ 124, 164 ], "at": [ 126, 142 ], "45-endospore": [ 128 ], "spike": [ 129, 145 ], "level": [ 130 ], "started": [ 131 ], "become": [ 133 ], "sporadic": [ 134 ], "whereas": [ 135 ], "produced": [ 139, 149 ], "repeatable": [ 140 ], "~4.5-endospore": [ 144 ], "concentration.": [ 146 ], "The": [ 147 ], "~2-log": [ 151 ], "increase": [ 152 ], "sensitivity": [ 154 ], "required": [ 156 ], "slightly": [ 157 ], "less": [ 158 ], "time": [ 159 ], "complete": [ 161 ], "than": [ 162 ], "assay.": [ 165 ], "This": [ 166 ], "study": [ 167 ], "also": [ 168 ], "recovery": [ 172 ], "among": [ 173 ], "pure": [ 174 ], "blended": [ 176 ], "clay": [ 179 ], "soils": [ 180 ], "found": [ 182 ], "activation": [ 184 ], "anthracis": [ 187 ], "predominately": [ 189 ], "clay-based": [ 190 ], "soils.": [ 191 ] }, "apc_list": { "value": 1500, "currency": "CHF", "value_usd": 1624, "provenance": "doaj" }, "apc_paid": { "value": 1500, "currency": "CHF", "value_usd": 1624, "provenance": "doaj" }, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031159945", "display_name": "Dale W. 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