{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "3D fault architecture controls the dynamism of earthquake swarm",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70212869",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70212869"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70212869
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1126/science.abb0779",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0779"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Science",
"volumeNumber": "368",
"issueNumber": "6497"
},
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Science"
}
],
"datePublished": "2020",
"dateModified": "2020-09-02",
"abstract": "The vibrant evolutionary patterns made by earthquake swarms are incompatible with standard, effectively two-dimensional (2D) models for general fault architecture. We leverage advances in earthquake monitoring with a deep-learning algorithm to image a fault zone hosting a 4-year-long swarm in southern California. We infer that fluids are naturally injected into the fault zone from below and diffuse through strike-parallel channels while triggering earthquakes. A permeability barrier initially limits up-dip swarm migration but ultimately is circumvented. This enables fluid migration within a shallower section of the fault with fundamentally different mechanical properties. Our observations provide high-resolution constraints on the processes by which swarms initiate, grow, and arrest. These findings illustrate how swarm evolution is strongly controlled by 3D variations in fault architecture.",
"description": "5 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Ross, Z.",
"givenName": "Z.",
"familyName": "Ross",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Caltech"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Cochran, Elizabeth S. ecochran@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Elizabeth S.",
"familyName": "Cochran",
"email": "ecochran@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0003-2485-4484",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Earthquake Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/earthquake-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Trugman, D.",
"givenName": "D.",
"familyName": "Trugman",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "University of California, San Diego"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Smith, Jonathan D.",
"givenName": "Jonathan D.",
"familyName": "Smith"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Earthquake Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/earthquake-science-center"
}
]
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"Seismic": [
0
],
"swarms": [
1
],
"show": [
2,
49
],
"the": [
3,
41,
51,
55,
68,
82
],
"structure": [
4,
53
],
"Faults": [
5
],
"responsible": [
6
],
"for": [
7
],
"earthquakes": [
8
],
"are": [
9
],
"idealized": [
10
],
"into": [
11
],
"two": [
12
],
"dimensions,": [
13
],
"despite": [
14
],
"fault": [
15,
56,
72
],
"zones": [
16
],
"being": [
17
],
"complicated,": [
18
],
"three-dimensional": [
19
],
"structures.": [
20
],
"Ross": [
21
],
"et": [
22
],
"al.": [
23
],
"used": [
24,
40
],
"machine": [
25
],
"learning": [
26
],
"to": [
27,
48,
77
],
"find": [
28
],
"22,000": [
29
],
"seismic": [
30,
37
],
"events": [
31,
47
],
"near": [
32
],
"Cahuilla,": [
33
],
"California,": [
34
],
"during": [
35
],
"a": [
36,
75
],
"swarm.": [
38
],
"They": [
39
],
"locations": [
42
],
"and": [
43,
73
],
"sizes": [
44
],
"of": [
45,
54,
70
],
"these": [
46
],
"how": [
50
],
"complex": [
52
],
"interacted": [
57
],
"with": [
58
],
"natural": [
59
],
"fluid": [
60
],
"injections": [
61
],
"from": [
62
],
"below.": [
63
],
"The": [
64
],
"authors'": [
65
],
"methods": [
66
],
"highlight": [
67
],
"complexities": [
69
],
"one": [
71
],
"suggest": [
74
],
"way": [
76
],
"characterize": [
78
],
"other": [
79
],
"faults": [
80
],
"around": [
81
],
"world.": [
83
],
"Science": [
84
],
",": [
85
],
"this": [
86
],
"issue": [
87
],
"p.": [
88
],
"1357": [
89
]
},
"apc_list": null,
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006827123",
"display_name": "Zachary E. Ross",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-8400"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"display_name": "California Institute of Technology",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05dxps055",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": true,
"raw_author_name": "Zachary E. Ross",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA."
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089675533",
"display_name": "E. S. Cochran",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Elizabeth S. Cochran",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA."
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA.",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062911725",
"display_name": "Daniel T. Trugman",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-4223"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309",
"display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I86519309"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1343871089",
"display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01e41cf67",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "facility",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1330989302",
"https://openalex.org/I1343871089",
"https://openalex.org/I198811213",
"https://openalex.org/I4210120050"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Daniel T. Trugman",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.",
"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA."
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I86519309"
]
},
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1343871089"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102006686",
"display_name": "Jonathan Smith",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-1344"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I122411786",
"display_name": "California Institute of Technology",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05dxps055",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Jonathan D. Smith",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA."
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786"
]
}
]
}
],
"best_oa_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1739984",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402487",
"display_name": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)",
"issn_l": null,
"issn": null,
"is_oa": true,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139351228",
"host_organization_name": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I139351228"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Office of Scientific and Technical Information"
],
"type": "repository"
},
"license": "other-oa",
"license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa",
"version": "submittedVersion",
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
"biblio": {
"volume": "368",
"issue": "6497",
"first_page": "1357",
"last_page": "1361"
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3035819333",
"cited_by_count": 145,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 99,
"max": 100
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c165205528",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371",
"display_name": "Seismology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.76781726,
"qid": "Q159027"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c2775836275",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502310",
"display_name": "Dynamism",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6765675,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c127313418",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
"display_name": "Geology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.67540574,
"qid": "Q158984"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c175551986",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089",
"display_name": "Fault (geology)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6696284,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c181335050",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018",
"display_name": "Swarm behaviour",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50663024,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c41008148",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198",
"display_name": "Computer science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.23193413,
"qid": "Q158969"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c154945302",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660",
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.13268676,
"qid": "Q166116"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c121332964",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413",
"display_name": "Physics",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q166093"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c62520636",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944",
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q226309"
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/A5006827123"
],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122411786"
],
"countries_distinct_count": 1,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2024,
"cited_by_count": 19
},
{
"year": 2023,
"cited_by_count": 47
},
{
"year": 2022,
"cited_by_count": 46
},
{
"year": 2021,
"cited_by_count": 24
},
{
"year": 2020,
"cited_by_count": 8
}
],
"created_date": "2020-06-25",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "3D fault architecture controls the dynamism of earthquake swarms",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0779",
"fwci": 16.822,
"grants": [
{
"funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076",
"funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation",
"award_id": null
},
{
"funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320312836",
"funder_display_name": "Southern California Earthquake Center",
"award_id": "20018"
},
{
"funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320332183",
"funder_display_name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
"award_id": null
}
],
"has_fulltext": false,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W3035819333",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3035819333",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0779",
"mag": "3035819333",
"pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32554593"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref",
"pubmed"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 4,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamism",
"display_name": "Dynamism",
"score": 0.6765675
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-event-classification",
"display_name": "Seismic Event Classification",
"score": 0.563997
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/earthquake-prediction-models",
"display_name": "Earthquake Prediction Models",
"score": 0.552559
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-seismology",
"display_name": "Real-Time Seismology",
"score": 0.541976
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-phase-picking",
"display_name": "Seismic Phase Picking",
"score": 0.541237
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-deformation",
"display_name": "Seismic Deformation",
"score": 0.521039
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0779",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285",
"display_name": "Science",
"issn_l": "0036-8075",
"issn": [
"0036-8075",
"1095-9203"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823",
"host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310315823"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"American Association for the Advancement of Science"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
{
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1739984",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402487",
"display_name": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)",
"issn_l": null,
"issn": null,
"is_oa": true,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139351228",
"host_organization_name": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I139351228"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Office of Scientific and Technical Information"
],
"type": "repository"
},
"license": "other-oa",
"license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa",
"version": "submittedVersion",
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32554593",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"display_name": "PubMed",
"issn_l": null,
"issn": null,
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
"host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"National Institutes of Health"
],
"type": "repository"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
}
],
"locations_count": 3,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W3035819333/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "green",
"oa_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1739984",
"any_repository_has_fulltext": true
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0779",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285",
"display_name": "Science",
"issn_l": "0036-8075",
"issn": [
"0036-8075",
"1095-9203"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823",
"host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310315823"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"American Association for the Advancement of Science"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T13018",
"display_name": "Machine Learning for Earthquake Early Warning Systems",
"score": 0.9999,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702",
"display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17",
"display_name": "Computer Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2020-06-19",
"publication_year": 2020,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W1205391184",
"https://openalex.org/W1614751854",
"https://openalex.org/W1786226516",
"https://openalex.org/W1860599236",
"https://openalex.org/W1901129140",
"https://openalex.org/W1966083079",
"https://openalex.org/W1977356022",
"https://openalex.org/W1981508394",
"https://openalex.org/W1981523453",
"https://openalex.org/W1982926192",
"https://openalex.org/W1986341413",
"https://openalex.org/W1994553199",
"https://openalex.org/W1999727452",
"https://openalex.org/W2007061166",
"https://openalex.org/W2009409201",
"https://openalex.org/W2021520044",
"https://openalex.org/W2045218576",
"https://openalex.org/W2048177406",
"https://openalex.org/W2053496294",
"https://openalex.org/W2054125171",
"https://openalex.org/W2058762459",
"https://openalex.org/W2085878288",
"https://openalex.org/W2086249868",
"https://openalex.org/W2097492090",
"https://openalex.org/W2115481049",
"https://openalex.org/W2122910736",
"https://openalex.org/W2132139801",
"https://openalex.org/W2132814790",
"https://openalex.org/W2144317258",
"https://openalex.org/W2146713741",
"https://openalex.org/W2147284058",
"https://openalex.org/W2150829150",
"https://openalex.org/W2161923594",
"https://openalex.org/W2163379050",
"https://openalex.org/W2163633222",
"https://openalex.org/W2166817968",
"https://openalex.org/W2170004043",
"https://openalex.org/W2311485052",
"https://openalex.org/W2319880916",
"https://openalex.org/W2342211572",
"https://openalex.org/W2584490967",
"https://openalex.org/W2586349765",
"https://openalex.org/W2602008414",
"https://openalex.org/W2757581449",
"https://openalex.org/W2798961812",
"https://openalex.org/W2935652699",
"https://openalex.org/W2942977592",
"https://openalex.org/W2980762917",
"https://openalex.org/W3002289940",
"https://openalex.org/W3100672003",
"https://openalex.org/W4236245096"
],
"referenced_works_count": 51,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4297802007",
"https://openalex.org/W3126342311",
"https://openalex.org/W3122659832",
"https://openalex.org/W2775384662",
"https://openalex.org/W2586399084",
"https://openalex.org/W2385556862",
"https://openalex.org/W2367908682",
"https://openalex.org/W2117883229",
"https://openalex.org/W2045813810",
"https://openalex.org/W2000438032"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"score": 0.71,
"display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities",
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"
}
],
"title": "3D fault architecture controls the dynamism of earthquake swarms",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T13018",
"display_name": "Machine Learning for Earthquake Early Warning Systems",
"score": 0.9999,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702",
"display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17",
"display_name": "Computer Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10110",
"display_name": "Seismicity and Tectonic Plate Interactions",
"score": 0.9995,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908",
"display_name": "Geophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T12424",
"display_name": "Study of Earthquake Precursor Phenomena",
"score": 0.9984,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908",
"display_name": "Geophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-08T13:49:55.998253",
"versions": [],
"qid": null
}
}