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"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "FeS-coated sand for removal of arsenic(III) under anaerobic conditions in permeable reactive barriers", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70035326", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70035326" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70035326 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ISSN", "value": "00431354" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Water Research", "volumeNumber": "45", "issueNumber": "2" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Water Research" } ], "datePublished": "2011", "dateModified": "2021-02-25", "abstract": "Iron sulfide (as mackinawite, FeS) has shown considerable promise as a material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions. However, as a nanoparticulate material, synthetic FeS is not suitable for use in conventional permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). This study developed a methodology for coating a natural silica sand to produce a material of an appropriate diameter for a PRB. Aging time, pH, rinse time, and volume ratios were varied, with a maximum coating of 4.0\u00a0mg FeS/g sand achieved using a pH 5.5 solution at a 1:4 volume ratio (sand: 2\u00a0g/L FeS suspension), three days of aging and no rinsing. Comparing the mass deposited on the sand, which had a natural iron-oxide coating, with and without chemical washing showed that the iron-oxide coating was essential to the formation of a stable FeS coating. Scanning electron microscopy images of the FeS-coated sand showed a patchwise FeS surface coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed a partial oxidation of the Fe(II) to Fe(III) during the coating process, and some oxidation of S to polysulfides. Removal of As(III) by FeS-coated sand was 30% of that by nanoparticulate FeS at pH 5 and 7. At pH 9, the relative removal was 400%, perhaps due to the natural oxide coating of the sand or a secondary mineral phase from mackinawite oxidation. Although many studies have investigated the coating of sands with iron oxides, little prior work reports coating with iron sulfides. The results suggest that a suitable PRB material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions can be produced through the deposition of a coating of FeS onto natural silica sand with an iron-oxide coating.Iron sulfide (as mackinawite, FeS) has shown considerable promise as a material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions. However, as a nanoparticulate material, synthetic FeS is not suitable for use in conventional permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). This study developed a methodology for coating a natural silica sand to produce a material of an appropriate diameter for a PRB. Aging time, pH, rinse time, and volume ratios were varied, with a maximum coating of 4.0\u00a0mg FeS/g sand achieved using a pH 5.5 solution at a 1:4 volume ratio (sand: 2\u00a0g/L FeS suspension), three days of aging and no rinsing. Comparing the mass deposited on the sand, which had a natural iron-oxide coating, with and without chemical washing showed that the iron-oxide coating was essential to the formation of a stable FeS coating. Scanning electron microscopy images of the FeS-coated sand showed a patchwise FeS surface coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed a partial oxidation of the Fe(II) to Fe(III) during the coating process, and some oxidation of S to polysulfides. Removal of As(III) by FeS-coated sand was 30% of that by nanoparticulate FeS at pH 5 and 7. At pH 9, the relative removal was 400%, perhaps due to the natural oxide coating of the sand or a secondary mineral phase from mackinawite oxidation. Although many studies have investigated the coating of sands with iron oxides, little prior work reports coating with iron sulfides. The results suggest that a suitable PRB material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions can be produced through the deposition of a coating of FeS onto natural silica sand with an iron-oxide coating.", "description": "12 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Elsevier" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Gallegos, T.J.", "givenName": "T.J.", "familyName": "Gallegos", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-3350-6473", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Han, Y.-S.", "givenName": "Y.-S.", "familyName": "Han" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Demond, A.H.", "givenName": "A.H.", "familyName": "Demond" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Hayes, K.F.", "givenName": "K.F.", "familyName": "Hayes" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Iron": [ 0 ], "sulfide": [ 1 ], "(as": [ 2 ], "mackinawite,": [ 3 ], "FeS)": [ 4 ], "has": [ 5 ], "shown": [ 6 ], 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