{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Wild bird migration across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A transmission route for highly pathogenic H5N1", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70003975", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70003975" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70003975 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1371/journal.pone.0017622", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017622" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "PLoS ONE", "volumeNumber": "6", "issueNumber": "3" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "PLoS ONE" } ], "datePublished": "2011", "dateModified": "2017-08-23", "abstract": "Background\nQinghai Lake in central China has been at the center of debate on whether wild birds play a role in circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. In 2005, an unprecedented epizootic at Qinghai Lake killed more than 6000 migratory birds including over 3000 bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). H5N1 subsequently spread to Europe and Africa, and in following years has re-emerged in wild birds along the Central Asia flyway several times.\nMethodology/Principal Findings\nTo better understand the potential involvement of wild birds in the spread of H5N1, we studied the movements of bar-headed geese marked with GPS satellite transmitters at Qinghai Lake in relation to virus outbreaks and disease risk factors. We discovered a previously undocumented migratory pathway between Qinghai Lake and the Lhasa Valley of Tibet where 93% of the 29 marked geese overwintered. From 2003\u20132009, sixteen outbreaks in poultry or wild birds were confirmed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the majority were located within the migratory pathway of the geese. Spatial and temporal concordance between goose movements and three potential H5N1 virus sources (poultry farms, a captive bar-headed goose facility, and H5N1 outbreak locations) indicated ample opportunities existed for virus spillover and infection of migratory geese on the wintering grounds. Their potential as a vector of H5N1 was supported by rapid migration movements of some geese and genetic relatedness of H5N1 virus isolated from geese in Tibet and Qinghai Lake.\nConclusions/Significance\nThis is the first study to compare phylogenetics of the virus with spatial ecology of its host, and the combined results suggest that wild birds play a role in the spread of H5N1 in this region. However, the strength of the evidence would be improved with additional sequences from both poultry and wild birds on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where H5N1 has a clear stronghold.", "description": "e17622; 14 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Public Library of Science" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Takekawa, John Y. john_takekawa@usgs.gov", "givenName": "John Y.", "familyName": "Takekawa", "email": "john_takekawa@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0217-5907", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Western Ecological Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Douglas, David C. ddouglas@usgs.gov", "givenName": "David C.", "familyName": "Douglas", "email": "ddouglas@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0186-1104", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Prosser, Diann J. dprosser@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Diann J.", "familyName": "Prosser", "email": "dprosser@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-5251-1799", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pwrc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Perry, William M. wmperry@usgs.gov", "givenName": "William M.", "familyName": "Perry", "email": "wmperry@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-6180-8180", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-8180" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Western Ecological Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Zhou, Yuanchun", "givenName": "Yuanchun", "familyName": "Zhou" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "He, Yubang", "givenName": "Yubang", "familyName": "He" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Li, Yongdong", "givenName": "Yongdong", "familyName": "Li" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Hill, Nichola J.", "givenName": "Nichola J.", "familyName": "Hill" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Lei, Fumin", "givenName": "Fumin", "familyName": "Lei" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Li, Tianxian", "givenName": "Tianxian", "familyName": "Li" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Tang, Mingjie", "givenName": "Mingjie", "familyName": "Tang" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Xing, Zhi", "givenName": "Zhi", "familyName": "Xing" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Guo, Shan", "givenName": "Shan", "familyName": "Guo" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Yan, Baoping", "givenName": "Baoping", "familyName": "Yan" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Hou, Yuansheng", "givenName": "Yuansheng", "familyName": "Hou" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Collins, Bridget M.", "givenName": "Bridget M.", "familyName": "Collins" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Newman, Scott H.", "givenName": "Scott H.", "familyName": "Newman" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Cui, Peng", "givenName": "Peng", "familyName": "Cui" } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pwrc" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Western Ecological Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc" } ], "spatialCoverage": [ { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "country", "name": "China", "url": "https://geonames.org/4055083" }, { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "unknown", "name": "Qinghai Lake" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Background": [ 0 ], "Qinghai": [ 1, 35, 102, 121, 232 ], "Lake": [ 2, 36, 103, 122 ], "in": [ 3, 20, 58, 63, 84, 104, 141, 229, 263, 268 ], "central": [ 4 ], "China": [ 5 ], "has": [ 6, 61, 295 ], "been": [ 7 ], "at": [ 8, 34, 101 ], "the": [ 9, 67, 78, 85, 91, 124, 132, 149, 153, 158, 162, 201, 237, 244, 253, 264, 272, 275, 290 ], "center": [ 10 ], "of": [ 11, 22, 81, 87, 93, 127, 131, 161, 197, 209, 217, 223, 243, 249, 266, 274 ], "debate": [ 12 ], "on": [ 13, 148, 200, 289 ], "whether": [ 14 ], "wild": [ 15, 64, 82, 144, 258, 287 ], "birds": [ 16, 42, 65, 83, 145, 259, 288 ], "play": [ 17, 260 ], "a": [ 18, 115, 179, 207, 261, 296 ], "role": [ 19, 262 ], "circulation": [ 21 ], "highly": [ 23 ], "pathogenic": [ 24 ], "avian": [ 25 ], "influenza": [ 26 ], "virus": [ 27, 107, 175, 193, 225, 245 ], "H5N1.": [ 28 ], "In": [ 29 ], "2005,": [ 30 ], "an": [ 31 ], "unprecedented": [ 32 ], "epizootic": [ 33 ], "killed": [ 37 ], "more": [ 38 ], "than": [ 39 ], "6000": [ 40 ], "migratory": [ 41, 118, 159, 198 ], "including": [ 43 ], "over": [ 44 ], "3000": [ 45 ], "bar-headed": [ 46, 94, 181 ], "geese": [ 47, 95, 135, 199, 219, 228 ], "(Anser": [ 48 ], "indicus).": [ 49 ], "H5N1": [ 50, 174, 185, 210, 224, 267, 294 ], "subsequently": [ 51 ], "spread": [ 52, 86, 265 ], "to": [ 53, 106, 240 ], "Europe": [ 54 ], "and": [ 55, 57, 109, 123, 152, 165, 171, 184, 195, 220, 231, 252, 286 ], "Africa,": [ 56 ], "following": [ 59 ], "years": [ 60 ], "re-emerged": [ 62 ], "along": [ 66 ], "Central": [ 68 ], "Asia": [ 69 ], "flyway": [ 70 ], "several": [ 71 ], "times.": [ 72 ], "Methodology/Principal": [ 73 ], "Findings": [ 74 ], "To": [ 75 ], "better": [ 76 ], "understand": [ 77 ], "potential": [ 79, 173, 205 ], "involvement": [ 80 ], "H5N1,": [ 88 ], "we": [ 89 ], "studied": [ 90 ], "movements": [ 92, 170, 216 ], "marked": [ 96, 134 ], "with": [ 97, 246, 280 ], "GPS": [ 98 ], "satellite": [ 99 ], "transmitters": [ 100 ], "relation": [ 105 ], "outbreaks": [ 108, 140 ], "disease": [ 110 ], "risk": [ 111 ], "factors.": [ 112 ], "We": [ 113 ], "discovered": [ 114 ], "previously": [ 116 ], "undocumented": [ 117 ], "pathway": [ 119, 160 ], "between": [ 120, 168 ], "Lhasa": [ 125 ], "Valley": [ 126 ], "Tibet": [ 128, 230 ], "where": [ 129, 293 ], "93%": [ 130 ], "29": [ 133 ], "overwintered.": [ 136 ], "From": [ 137 ], "2003\u20132009,": [ 138 ], "sixteen": [ 139 ], "poultry": [ 142, 285 ], "or": [ 143 ], "were": [ 146, 155 ], "confirmed": [ 147 ], "Qinghai-Tibet": [ 150, 291 ], "Plateau,": [ 151 ], "majority": [ 154 ], "located": [ 156 ], "within": [ 157 ], "geese.": [ 163 ], "Spatial": [ 164 ], "temporal": [ 166 ], "concordance": [ 167 ], "goose": [ 169, 182 ], "three": [ 172 ], "sources": [ 176 ], "(poultry": [ 177 ], "farms,": [ 178 ], "captive": [ 180 ], "facility,": [ 183 ], "outbreak": [ 186 ], "locations)": [ 187 ], "indicated": [ 188 ], "ample": [ 189 ], "opportunities": [ 190 ], "existed": [ 191 ], "for": [ 192 ], "spillover": [ 194 ], "infection": [ 196 ], "wintering": [ 202 ], "grounds.": [ 203 ], "Their": [ 204 ], "as": [ 206 ], "vector": [ 208 ], "was": [ 211 ], "supported": [ 212 ], "by": [ 213 ], "rapid": [ 214 ], "migration": [ 215 ], "some": [ 218 ], "genetic": [ 221 ], "relatedness": [ 222 ], "isolated": [ 226 ], "from": [ 227, 283 ], "Lake.": [ 233 ], "Conclusions/Significance": [ 234 ], "This": [ 235 ], "is": [ 236 ], "first": [ 238 ], "study": [ 239 ], "compare": [ 241 ], "phylogenetics": [ 242 ], "spatial": [ 247 ], "ecology": [ 248 ], "its": [ 250 ], "host,": [ 251 ], "combined": [ 254 ], "results": [ 255 ], "suggest": [ 256 ], "that": [ 257 ], "this": [ 269 ], "region.": [ 270 ], "However,": [ 271 ], "strength": [ 273 ], "evidence": [ 276 ], "would": [ 277 ], "be": [ 278 ], "improved": [ 279 ], "additional": [ 281 ], "sequences": [ 282 ], "both": [ 284 ], "Plateau": [ 292 ], "clear": [ 297 ], "stronghold.": [ 298 ] }, "apc_list": { "value": 1805, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 1805, "provenance": "doaj" }, "apc_paid": { "value": 1805, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 1805, "provenance": "doaj" }, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038381085", "display_name": "Diann J. 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Prosser", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America", "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] }, { "raw_affiliation_string": "Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I66946132" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5100774804", "display_name": "Peng Cui", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-5966" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210167311", "display_name": "Institute of Zoology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05skxkv18", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210167311" ] } ], "countries": [ "CN" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Peng Cui", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] }, { "raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I4210167311" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5026463108", "display_name": "John Y. Takekawa", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "John Y. Takekawa", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Vallejo, California, United States of America" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Vallejo, California, United States of America", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5101512458", "display_name": "Mingjie Tang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-4574" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210108629", "display_name": "Computer Network Information Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/01s0wyf50", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210108629" ] }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] } ], "countries": [ "CN" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Mingjie Tang", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I4210108629", "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] }, { "raw_affiliation_string": "Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": [] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5053776545", "display_name": "Yuansheng Hou", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210100670", "display_name": "Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve", "ror": "https://ror.org/017d7xm97", "country_code": "CN", "type": "archive", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I4210100670" ] } ], "countries": [ "CN" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yuansheng Hou", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve, State Forestry Administration, Xining, Qinghai, China" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve, State Forestry Administration, Xining, Qinghai, China", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I4210100670" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5054107782", "display_name": "Bridget M. Collins", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Bridget M. Collins", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5100889380", "display_name": "Baoping Yan", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210108629", "display_name": "Computer Network Information Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/01s0wyf50", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210108629" ] }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] } ], "countries": [ "CN" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Baoping Yan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I4210108629", "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5082127913", "display_name": "Nichola J. Hill", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-6693" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Nichola J. Hill", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Vallejo, California, United States of America" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Vallejo, California, United States of America", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002522522", "display_name": "Tianxian Li", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210106882", "display_name": "Wuhan Institute of Virology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01jxjav08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210106882" ] }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] } ], "countries": [ "CN" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Tianxian Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I4210106882", "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5101499911", "display_name": "Yong-Dong Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-7810" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366" ] }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210106882", "display_name": "Wuhan Institute of Virology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01jxjav08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210106882" ] } ], "countries": [ "CN" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yongdong Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210106882" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5055678184", "display_name": "Fumin Lei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-8167" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210167311", "display_name": "Institute of Zoology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05skxkv18", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210167311" ] }, { "id": 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