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        "abstract": "Viruses and infectious diseases are natural components of every ecosystem. In aquatic ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a significant viral pathogen of many salmonid fish populations. Studies of IHNV molecular biology, pathogenesis, field ecology, and evolution contribute to understanding and management of viral disease in salmon and trout."
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        "abstract": "Research Interests:Our research involves viral diseases in finfish, with an emphasis on the rhabdovirus IHNV in Pacific salmon and trout of Pacific Northwest ecosystems. We conduct landscape-scale genetic typing of IHNV as it occurs across Western North America and use phylogenetic analyses and molecular epidemiology to identify patterns of virus occurrence, transmission, and disease impacts across large geographic regions, and over many years.  This has revealed divergence of IHNV into three major genetic groups (U, M, or L) with distinct host specificities and geographic ranges in North America. There is also clear evidence for viral host jumps, displacement events, and evolution of both specialist and generalist virus lineages. Potential drivers of these evolutionary events are tested in controlled wet laboratory challenge studies in salmonid fish, providing sound scientific data on the biological basis of patterns observed in the field. In a recent project we demonstrated evolution of increasing virulence as a driver of viral genotype displacements in steelhead trout of the Columbia River Basin and worked with collaborators to develop the first landscape-scale transmission model for IHNV.  We also explore the biological basis of specialist (adapted to single host species) and generalist (adapted to multiple host species) viruses, using naturally evolved subgroups of IHNV. This has potential to explain changes in virus types and disease impacts observed in the Columbia River Basin, and it also serves as a tractable research model for empirical testing of predictions of basic specialist-generalist theory for pathogens. Finally, we collaborate with other researchers to investigate the evolution of IHNV virulence after a historical host jump from sockeye salmon to farmed rainbow trout using a historical panel of over 60 IHNV isolates collected over the last 50 years. Long-term interests include understanding drivers of viral evolution and ecology, host and virus factors that define virus transmission and transmission models, and how human activities can be modified to avoid unintended disease consequences."
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        path: 0000-0003-3294-560X
        "domain": {
        source: null
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
        visibility: public
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
usgs_staff_profile:
        },
  meta:
        "field": {
    url: https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/gael-kurath
          "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
     timestamp: '2024-01-30T16:23:19.570399'
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
     status_code: 200
        },
  profile:
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11495",
    name: Gael Kurath, Ph.D.
        "subfield": {
    name_qualifier: null
          "display_name": "Animal Science and Zoology",
    titles:
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1103"
    - Research Microbiologist
        }
    organizations:
      },
    - !!python/tuple
       {
       - Western Fisheries Research Center
        "count": 54,
       - https://www.usgs.gov/centers/western-fisheries-research-center
        "display_name": "Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Zoonotic Infections",
    email: gkurath@usgs.gov
        "domain": {
    orcid: 0000-0003-3294-560X
          "display_name": "Health Sciences",
    intro_statements:
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4"
    - Viruses and infectious diseases are natural components of every ecosystem. In
        },
       aquatic ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest infectious hematopoietic necrosis
        "field": {
       virus (IHNV) is a significant viral pathogen of many salmonid fish populations.
          "display_name": "Medicine",
      Studies of IHNV molecular biology, pathogenesis, field ecology, and evolution
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27"
      contribute to understanding and management of viral disease in salmon and trout.
        },
    expertise_terms:
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T12047",
     - Virology
        "subfield": {
     - RNA Virus Evolution
          "display_name": "Infectious Diseases",
     - Ecology and Evolution of infectious Disease
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2725"
     - Aquatic Animal Health
        }
     professional_experience:
      },
    - 1992 to Present - Research Microbiologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries
      {
       Research Center, Seattle, WA
        "count": 38,
    - 1989 - 1992 - Postdoctoral researcher, Plant Virology, University of California,
        "display_name": "Bacterial Pathogenesis in Animal and Human Health",
       Riverside, CA
        "domain": {
    - 1985 - 1988 - Postdoctoral researcher, Plant Virology, Cornell University, Ithaca,
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
      NY
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
    education:
        },
    - Ph.D. 1985. Virology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
        "field": {
    - M.S. 1980. Marine Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
          "display_name": "Immunology and Microbiology",
     - B.A. 1978. Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/24"
     affiliations:
        },
    - University of Washington, affiliate faculty in Pathobiology with graduate faculty
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11688",
       status. 1994 to Present (full professor since 2017).
        "subfield": {
    - University of Washington, affiliate faculty in the School of Aquatic and Fisheries
          "display_name": "Microbiology",
      Sciences with graduate faculty status (2007 to Present).
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2404"
    - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, member of study groups Rhabdovirus
        }
      family (1997 to Present), Paramyxovirus Family (2008 to present), and Mononegavirales
      },
      Super-family (2008 to Present).
       {
    - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, member of study groups Rhabdovirus
        "count": 34,
      family (1997 to Present), Paramyxovirus Family (2008 to present), and Mononegavirales
        "display_name": "Viral RNA Silencing and Plant Immunity",
      Super-family (2008 to Present).
        "domain": {
    - 'Scientific Journal Editorial Board: Virology (1995-1998); Journal of Aquatic
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
      Animal Health (2002-2005); Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (2011-2015); Journal
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
      of General Virology (2011-2016).'
        },
    - Ad hoc reviewer for numerous journals.
        "field": {
    - 'Grant review panel member or panel chair: USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment
          "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
      (1996, 1997); USDA NRI Virology (1999, 2000); USDA-NIFA AFRI Diseases of Agricultural
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
      Animals program (2020).'
        },
    - American Fisheries Society, Fish Health Section, member since 1994, nominating/balloting
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10494",
       committee member 2002-2003; chair 2004.
        "subfield": {
    - American Fisheries Society, Fish Health Section, elected vice-president 2006,
          "display_name": "Plant Science",
      executive committee 2006-2010, president 2008.
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110"
    - American Society for Virology member since 1983.
        }
    honors:
       },
    - Special Achievement Award, American Fisheries, Society Fish Health Section,
       {
      1999
        "count": 22,
    - U.S. Department of the Interior Star Awards, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2008
        "display_name": "Paramyxovirus Infections and Epidemiology",
    - Snieszko Distinguished Service Award, Fish Health Section, American Fisheries
        "domain": {
      Society, 2020
          "display_name": "Health Sciences",
    abstracts: []
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4"
    personal_statement: Research Interests:Our research involves viral diseases in
        },
      finfish, with an emphasis on the rhabdovirus IHNV in Pacific salmon and trout
        "field": {
      of Pacific Northwest ecosystems. We conduct landscape-scale genetic typing of
          "display_name": "Medicine",
      IHNV as it occurs across Western North America and use phylogenetic analyses
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27"
      and molecular epidemiology to identify patterns of virus occurrence, transmission,
        },
      and disease impacts across large geographic regions, and over many years.  This
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11135",
      has revealed divergence of IHNV into three major genetic groups (U, M, or L)
        "subfield": {
       with distinct host specificities and geographic ranges in North America. There
          "display_name": "Epidemiology",
      is also clear evidence for viral host jumps, displacement events, and evolution
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2713"
      of both specialist and generalist virus lineages. Potential drivers of these
        }
      evolutionary events are tested in controlled wet laboratory challenge studies
      },
      in salmonid fish, providing sound scientific data on the biological basis of
      {
      patterns observed in the field. In a recent project we demonstrated evolution
        "count": 19,
      of increasing virulence as a driver of viral genotype displacements in steelhead
        "display_name": "Global Impact of Arboviral Diseases",
      trout of the Columbia River Basin and worked with collaborators to develop the
        "domain": {
      first landscape-scale transmission model for IHNV.  We also explore the biological
          "display_name": "Health Sciences",
      basis of specialist (adapted to single host species) and generalist (adapted
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4"
      to multiple host species) viruses, using naturally evolved subgroups of IHNV.
        },
       This has potential to explain changes in virus types and disease impacts observed
        "field": {
       in the Columbia River Basin, and it also serves as a tractable research model
          "display_name": "Medicine",
      for empirical testing of predictions of basic specialist-generalist theory for
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27"
      pathogens.  Finally, we collaborate with other researchers to investigate the
        },
      evolution of IHNV virulence after a historical host jump from sockeye salmon
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10166",
      to farmed rainbow trout using a historical panel of over 60 IHNV isolates collected
        "subfield": {
      over the last 50 years. Long-term interests include understanding drivers of
          "display_name": "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health",
      viral evolution and ecology, host and virus factors that define virus transmission
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2739"
      and transmission models, and how human activities can be modified to avoid unintended
        }
      disease consequences.
      },
      {
        "count": 18,
        "display_name": "Ecology and Evolution of Viruses in Ecosystems",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Environmental Science",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11048",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Ecology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 16,
        "display_name": "Dynamics of Livestock Disease Transmission and Control",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11560",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Agronomy and Crop Science",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1102"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 12,
        "display_name": "Mycoviruses in Fungal Symbiosis and Pathogenesis",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T13220",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Endocrinology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1310"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 12,
        "display_name": "Importance and Conservation of Freshwater Biodiversity",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Environmental Science",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10302",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 11,
        "display_name": "Invertebrate Immunity and Host Defense Mechanisms",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Immunology and Microbiology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/24"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11403",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Immunology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2403"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 11,
        "display_name": "Evolutionary Dynamics of Genetic Adaptation and Mutation",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11764",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Genetics",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 10,
        "display_name": "Genetics and Epidemiology of Plant Pathogens",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T12858",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Plant Science",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 10,
        "display_name": "Metabolism and Nutrition in Aquaculture Feeds",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10450",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Aquatic Science",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1104"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 7,
        "display_name": "Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis Research",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Immunology and Microbiology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/24"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11155",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Parasitology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2405"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 7,
        "display_name": "DNA Barcoding for Food Authentication and Fraud Detection",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T12388",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Molecular Biology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 6,
        "display_name": "Disease Transmission and Population Dynamics",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Health Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Medicine",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10482",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2739"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 5,
        "display_name": "Biology and Evolution of Myxozoan Parasites",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T13350",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Cancer Research",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1306"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 5,
        "display_name": "Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Respiratory Viral Infections",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Health Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Medicine",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11243",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Epidemiology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2713"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 4,
        "display_name": "Dynamics and Pathogenesis of Cholera Bacteria",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11684",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Endocrinology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1310"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 3,
        "display_name": "Gene Therapy Techniques and Applications",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10613",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Genetics",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 3,
        "display_name": "Aetiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Myocarditis",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Health Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Medicine",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11112",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2705"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 3,
        "display_name": "Innate Immunity to Viral Infection",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Immunology and Microbiology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/24"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T11668",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Immunology",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2403"
        }
      },
      {
        "count": 3,
        "display_name": "Mechanisms of Plant Immune Response",
        "domain": {
          "display_name": "Life Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
        },
        "field": {
          "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
        },
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10076",
        "subfield": {
          "display_name": "Plant Science",
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110"
        }
      }
    ],
    "updated_date": "2024-05-18T08:56:27.888475"
  }
}

Latest revision as of 21:15, 22 September 2024

{ 

 "USGS Staff Profile": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Person",
   "dateModified": "2024-09-21T07:57:17.420853",
   "name": "Gael Kurath, Ph.D.",
   "identifier": [
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       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "ORCID",
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       "startDate": "2024-09-21T07:57:17.432685",
       "affiliatedOrganization": {
         "@type": "Organization",
         "name": "Western Fisheries Research Center",
         "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/western-fisheries-research-center"
       },
       "roleName": "Research Microbiologist"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "1992 to Present - Research Microbiologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "1989 - 1992 - Postdoctoral researcher, Plant Virology, University of California, Riverside, CA"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "1985 - 1988 - Postdoctoral researcher, Plant Virology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"
     }
   ],
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       "abstract": "Research Microbiologist with the Western Fisheries Research Center"
     },
     {
       "@type": "TextObject",
       "additionalType": "staff profile page introductory statement",
       "abstract": "Viruses and infectious diseases are natural components of every ecosystem. In aquatic ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a significant viral pathogen of many salmonid fish populations. Studies of IHNV molecular biology, pathogenesis, field ecology, and evolution contribute to understanding and management of viral disease in salmon and trout."
     },
     {
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       "abstract": "Research Interests:Our research involves viral diseases in finfish, with an emphasis on the rhabdovirus IHNV in Pacific salmon and trout of Pacific Northwest ecosystems. We conduct landscape-scale genetic typing of IHNV as it occurs across Western North America and use phylogenetic analyses and molecular epidemiology to identify patterns of virus occurrence, transmission, and disease impacts across large geographic regions, and over many years.  This has revealed divergence of IHNV into three major genetic groups (U, M, or L) with distinct host specificities and geographic ranges in North America. There is also clear evidence for viral host jumps, displacement events, and evolution of both specialist and generalist virus lineages. Potential drivers of these evolutionary events are tested in controlled wet laboratory challenge studies in salmonid fish, providing sound scientific data on the biological basis of patterns observed in the field. In a recent project we demonstrated evolution of increasing virulence as a driver of viral genotype displacements in steelhead trout of the Columbia River Basin and worked with collaborators to develop the first landscape-scale transmission model for IHNV.  We also explore the biological basis of specialist (adapted to single host species) and generalist (adapted to multiple host species) viruses, using naturally evolved subgroups of IHNV. This has potential to explain changes in virus types and disease impacts observed in the Columbia River Basin, and it also serves as a tractable research model for empirical testing of predictions of basic specialist-generalist theory for pathogens.  Finally, we collaborate with other researchers to investigate the evolution of IHNV virulence after a historical host jump from sockeye salmon to farmed rainbow trout using a historical panel of over 60 IHNV isolates collected over the last 50 years. Long-term interests include understanding drivers of viral evolution and ecology, host and virus factors that define virus transmission and transmission models, and how human activities can be modified to avoid unintended disease consequences."
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