Item talk:Q65078: Difference between revisions

From geokb
(Wrote fresh schema.org document to item wiki page)
(Update item cache)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "sir20095038", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20095038"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 97335}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/sir20095038", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038"}], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [{"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Scientific Investigations Report"}], "datePublished": "2009", "dateModified": "2012-02-02", "abstract": "The U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land Management are conducting research on the efficacy of the immunocontraceptive agent porcine zona pellucida (PZP) in reducing fertility of wild horses (Equus caballus). As an antigen, PZP stimulates antibody production when injected into many mammalian species. These antibodies bind to the external surface of the ovum, preventing fertilization. By itself, PZP is only weakly immunogenic and is therefore delivered with an adjuvant, most commonly one of the Freund adjuvants, designed to further stimulate antibody production. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in particular is known to be very effective, but may also be associated with undesirable side effects such as formation of abscesses at injection sites. Such reactions may be exacerbated when accompanied by the additional trauma of a remotely delivered dart. Because horses in our three study herds were individually identifiable by color markings and harem association, we were able to monitor mares for injection-site reactions (abscesses, nodules, swelling, and stiffness) following inoculation with PZP.\r\n\r\nIn 100 injections delivered by hand we observed a single nodule, two instances of swelling, and no other reactions. In two herds that received remotely delivered (dart) injections, the frequency of reactions was about 1 and 6 percent for abscesses, 25 percent for nodules (both herds), 11 and 33 percent for swelling, and 1 and 12 percent for stiffness. Abscesses were too infrequent to allow meaningful analysis of the relation to covariates, but for the other types of reactions we used logistic regression to examine the relation of occurrence to the delivery method (rifle or CO2-powered blowgun), adjuvant (FCA, Freund's modified adjuvant, and Freund's incomplete adjuvant), dart trauma (normal or abnormal), and age of mare. Abnormal dart trauma included cases where the dart hit bone or the needle broke off. We found strong evidence (odds ratio = 5.023, P = 0.001) for a higher probability of occurrence of swelling when darts were delivered by blowgun. We found some evidence (odds ratio = 8.729, P = 0.07) that abnormal dart trauma led to a higher frequency of nodule formation. Nodules were the most common reactions observed and often persisted for a year or more, but in our observations they did not appear to change any animal's range of movement or locomotor patterns and in most cases did not appear to differ in magnitude from naturally occurring injuries or scars. We were unable to perform histological examinations of these nodules, but they may be similar to granulomas reported by other investigators following administration of Freund's adjuvant.", "description": "iv, 15 p.", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov", "givenName": "James E.", "familyName": "Roelle", "email": "roelleb@usgs.gov", "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Fort Collins Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort-collins-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Ransom, Jason I.", "givenName": "Jason I.", "familyName": "Ransom", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-5930-4004", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004"}}], "funder": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Fort Collins Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort-collins-science-center"}]}
{
  "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
    "schema": {
      "@context": "https://schema.org",
      "@type": "CreativeWork",
      "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series",
      "name": "Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine",
      "identifier": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
          "value": "sir20095038",
          "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20095038"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
          "value": 97335
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "propertyID": "DOI",
          "value": "10.3133/sir20095038",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038"
        }
      ],
      "inLanguage": "en",
      "isPartOf": [
        {
          "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
          "name": "Scientific Investigations Report"
        }
      ],
      "datePublished": "2009",
      "dateModified": "2012-02-02",
      "abstract": "The U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land Management are conducting research on the efficacy of the immunocontraceptive agent porcine zona pellucida (PZP) in reducing fertility of wild horses (Equus caballus). As an antigen, PZP stimulates antibody production when injected into many mammalian species. These antibodies bind to the external surface of the ovum, preventing fertilization. By itself, PZP is only weakly immunogenic and is therefore delivered with an adjuvant, most commonly one of the Freund adjuvants, designed to further stimulate antibody production. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in particular is known to be very effective, but may also be associated with undesirable side effects such as formation of abscesses at injection sites. Such reactions may be exacerbated when accompanied by the additional trauma of a remotely delivered dart. Because horses in our three study herds were individually identifiable by color markings and harem association, we were able to monitor mares for injection-site reactions (abscesses, nodules, swelling, and stiffness) following inoculation with PZP.\r\n\r\nIn 100 injections delivered by hand we observed a single nodule, two instances of swelling, and no other reactions. In two herds that received remotely delivered (dart) injections, the frequency of reactions was about 1 and 6 percent for abscesses, 25 percent for nodules (both herds), 11 and 33 percent for swelling, and 1 and 12 percent for stiffness. Abscesses were too infrequent to allow meaningful analysis of the relation to covariates, but for the other types of reactions we used logistic regression to examine the relation of occurrence to the delivery method (rifle or CO2-powered blowgun), adjuvant (FCA, Freund's modified adjuvant, and Freund's incomplete adjuvant), dart trauma (normal or abnormal), and age of mare. Abnormal dart trauma included cases where the dart hit bone or the needle broke off. We found strong evidence (odds ratio = 5.023, P = 0.001) for a higher probability of occurrence of swelling when darts were delivered by blowgun. We found some evidence (odds ratio = 8.729, P = 0.07) that abnormal dart trauma led to a higher frequency of nodule formation. Nodules were the most common reactions observed and often persisted for a year or more, but in our observations they did not appear to change any animal's range of movement or locomotor patterns and in most cases did not appear to differ in magnitude from naturally occurring injuries or scars. We were unable to perform histological examinations of these nodules, but they may be similar to granulomas reported by other investigators following administration of Freund's adjuvant.",
      "description": "iv, 15 p.",
      "publisher": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
      },
      "author": [
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov",
          "givenName": "James E.",
          "familyName": "Roelle",
          "email": "roelleb@usgs.gov",
          "affiliation": [
            {
              "@type": "Organization",
              "name": "Fort Collins Science Center",
              "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort-collins-science-center"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Ransom, Jason I.",
          "givenName": "Jason I.",
          "familyName": "Ransom",
          "identifier": {
            "@type": "PropertyValue",
            "propertyID": "ORCID",
            "value": "0000-0002-5930-4004",
            "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004"
          }
        }
      ],
      "funder": [
        {
          "@type": "Organization",
          "name": "Fort Collins Science Center",
          "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort-collins-science-center"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "OpenAlex": {
    "abstract_inverted_index": {
      "The": [
        0
      ],
      "U.S.": [
        1
      ],
      "Geological": [
        2
      ],
      "Survey": [
        3
      ],
      "and": [
        4,
        64,
        142,
        157,
        178,
        198,
        210,
        215,
        217,
        265,
        274,
        348,
        374
      ],
      "the": [
        5,
        14,
        17,
        49,
        53,
        75,
        121,
        191,
        231,
        237,
        248,
        253,
        284,
        289,
        343
      ],
      "Bureau": [
        6
      ],
      "of": [
        7,
        16,
        27,
        52,
        74,
        108,
        124,
        176,
        193,
        230,
        240,
        250,
        276,
        308,
        310,
        338,
        369,
        398,
        414
      ],
      "Land": [
        8
      ],
      "Management": [
        9
      ],
      "are": [
        10
      ],
      "conducting": [
        11
      ],
      "research": [
        12
      ],
      "on": [
        13
      ],
      "efficacy": [
        15
      ],
      "immunocontraceptive": [
        18
      ],
      "agent": [
        19
      ],
      "porcine": [
        20
      ],
      "zona": [
        21
      ],
      "pellucida": [
        22
      ],
      "(PZP)": [
        23
      ],
      "in": [
        24,
        88,
        131,
        357,
        375,
        383
      ],
      "reducing": [
        25
      ],
      "fertility": [
        26
      ],
      "wild": [
        28
      ],
      "horses": [
        29,
        130
      ],
      "(Equus": [
        30
      ],
      "caballus).": [
        31
      ],
      "As": [
        32
      ],
      "an": [
        33,
        69
      ],
      "antigen,": [
        34
      ],
      "PZP": [
        35,
        59
      ],
      "stimulates": [
        36
      ],
      "antibody": [
        37,
        82
      ],
      "production": [
        38
      ],
      "when": [
        39,
        118,
        312
      ],
      "injected": [
        40
      ],
      "into": [
        41
      ],
      "many": [
        42
      ],
      "mammalian": [
        43
      ],
      "species.": [
        44
      ],
      "These": [
        45
      ],
      "antibodies": [
        46
      ],
      "bind": [
        47
      ],
      "to": [
        48,
        79,
        92,
        148,
        226,
        233,
        246,
        252,
        334,
        364,
        381,
        394,
        406
      ],
      "external": [
        50
      ],
      "surface": [
        51
      ],
      "ovum,": [
        54
      ],
      "preventing": [
        55
      ],
      "fertilization.": [
        56
      ],
      "By": [
        57
      ],
      "itself,": [
        58
      ],
      "is": [
        60,
        65,
        90
      ],
      "only": [
        61
      ],
      "weakly": [
        62
      ],
      "immunogenic": [
        63
      ],
      "therefore": [
        66
      ],
      "delivered": [
        67,
        127,
        166,
        188,
        315
      ],
      "with": [
        68,
        101,
        161
      ],
      "adjuvant,": [
        70,
        264
      ],
      "most": [
        71,
        344,
        376
      ],
      "commonly": [
        72
      ],
      "one": [
        73
      ],
      "Freund": [
        76
      ],
      "adjuvants,": [
        77
      ],
      "designed": [
        78
      ],
      "further": [
        80
      ],
      "stimulate": [
        81
      ],
      "production.": [
        83
      ],
      "Freund's": [
        84,
        262,
        266,
        415
      ],
      "complete": [
        85
      ],
      "adjuvant": [
        86,
        260
      ],
      "(FCA)": [
        87
      ],
      "particular": [
        89
      ],
      "known": [
        91
      ],
      "be": [
        93,
        99,
        116,
        404
      ],
      "very": [
        94
      ],
      "effective,": [
        95
      ],
      "but": [
        96,
        235,
        356,
        401
      ],
      "may": [
        97,
        115,
        403
      ],
      "also": [
        98
      ],
      "associated": [
        100
      ],
      "undesirable": [
        102
      ],
      "side": [
        103
      ],
      "effects": [
        104
      ],
      "such": [
        105
      ],
      "as": [
        106
      ],
      "formation": [
        107
      ],
      "abscesses": [
        109
      ],
      "at": [
        110
      ],
      "injection": [
        111
      ],
      "sites.": [
        112
      ],
      "Such": [
        113
      ],
      "reactions": [
        114,
        153,
        194,
        241,
        346
      ],
      "exacerbated": [
        117
      ],
      "accompanied": [
        119
      ],
      "by": [
        120,
        139,
        167,
        316,
        409
      ],
      "additional": [
        122
      ],
      "trauma": [
        123,
        270,
        280,
        332
      ],
      "a": [
        125,
        171,
        305,
        335,
        352
      ],
      "remotely": [
        126,
        187
      ],
      "dart.": [
        128
      ],
      "Because": [
        129
      ],
      "our": [
        132,
        358
      ],
      "three": [
        133
      ],
      "study": [
        134
      ],
      "herds": [
        135,
        184
      ],
      "were": [
        136,
        146,
        223,
        314,
        342,
        392
      ],
      "individually": [
        137
      ],
      "identifiable": [
        138
      ],
      "color": [
        140
      ],
      "markings": [
        141
      ],
      "harem": [
        143
      ],
      "association,": [
        144
      ],
      "we": [
        145,
        169,
        242
      ],
      "able": [
        147
      ],
      "monitor": [
        149
      ],
      "mares": [
        150
      ],
      "for": [
        151,
        201,
        205,
        213,
        220,
        236,
        304,
        351
      ],
      "injection-site": [
        152
      ],
      "(abscesses,": [
        154
      ],
      "nodules,": [
        155,
        400
      ],
      "swelling,": [
        156,
        177,
        214
      ],
      "stiffness)": [
        158
      ],
      "following": [
        159,
        412
      ],
      "inoculation": [
        160
      ],
      "PZP.": [
        162
      ],
      "In": [
        163,
        182
      ],
      "100": [
        164
      ],
      "injections": [
        165
      ],
      "hand": [
        168
      ],
      "observed": [
        170,
        347
      ],
      "single": [
        172
      ],
      "nodule,": [
        173
      ],
      "two": [
        174,
        183
      ],
      "instances": [
        175
      ],
      "no": [
        179
      ],
      "other": [
        180,
        238,
        410
      ],
      "reactions.": [
        181
      ],
      "that": [
        185,
        329
      ],
      "received": [
        186
      ],
      "(dart)": [
        189
      ],
      "injections,": [
        190
      ],
      "frequency": [
        192,
        337
      ],
      "was": [
        195
      ],
      "about": [
        196
      ],
      "1": [
        197,
        216
      ],
      "6": [
        199
      ],
      "percent": [
        200,
        204,
        212,
        219
      ],
      "abscesses,": [
        202
      ],
      "25": [
        203
      ],
      "nodules": [
        206
      ],
      "(both": [
        207
      ],
      "herds),": [
        208
      ],
      "11": [
        209
      ],
      "33": [
        211
      ],
      "12": [
        218
      ],
      "stiffness.": [
        221
      ],
      "Abscesses": [
        222
      ],
      "too": [
        224
      ],
      "infrequent": [
        225
      ],
      "allow": [
        227
      ],
      "meaningful": [
        228
      ],
      "analysis": [
        229
      ],
      "relation": [
        232,
        249
      ],
      "covariates,": [
        234
      ],
      "types": [
        239
      ],
      "used": [
        243
      ],
      "logistic": [
        244
      ],
      "regression": [
        245
      ],
      "examine": [
        247
      ],
      "occurrence": [
        251,
        309
      ],
      "delivery": [
        254
      ],
      "method": [
        255
      ],
      "(rifle": [
        256
      ],
      "or": [
        257,
        272,
        288,
        354,
        371,
        389
      ],
      "CO2-powered": [
        258
      ],
      "blowgun),": [
        259
      ],
      "(FCA,": [
        261
      ],
      "modified": [
        263
      ],
      "incomplete": [
        267
      ],
      "adjuvant),": [
        268
      ],
      "dart": [
        269,
        279,
        285,
        331
      ],
      "(normal": [
        271
      ],
      "abnormal),": [
        273
      ],
      "age": [
        275
      ],
      "mare.": [
        277
      ],
      "Abnormal": [
        278
      ],
      "included": [
        281
      ],
      "cases": [
        282,
        377
      ],
      "where": [
        283
      ],
      "hit": [
        286
      ],
      "bone": [
        287
      ],
      "needle": [
        290
      ],
      "broke": [
        291
      ],
      "off.": [
        292
      ],
      "We": [
        293,
        318,
        391
      ],
      "found": [
        294,
        319
      ],
      "strong": [
        295
      ],
      "evidence": [
        296,
        321
      ],
      "(odds": [
        297,
        322
      ],
      "ratio": [
        298,
        323
      ],
      "=": [
        299,
        302,
        324,
        327
      ],
      "5.023,": [
        300
      ],
      "P": [
        301,
        326
      ],
      "0.001)": [
        303
      ],
      "higher": [
        306,
        336
      ],
      "probability": [
        307
      ],
      "swelling": [
        311
      ],
      "darts": [
        313
      ],
      "blowgun.": [
        317
      ],
      "some": [
        320
      ],
      "8.729,": [
        325
      ],
      "0.07)": [
        328
      ],
      "abnormal": [
        330
      ],
      "led": [
        333
      ],
      "nodule": [
        339
      ],
      "formation.": [
        340
      ],
      "Nodules": [
        341
      ],
      "common": [
        345
      ],
      "often": [
        349
      ],
      "persisted": [
        350
      ],
      "year": [
        353
      ],
      "more,": [
        355
      ],
      "observations": [
        359
      ],
      "they": [
        360,
        402
      ],
      "did": [
        361,
        378
      ],
      "not": [
        362,
        379
      ],
      "appear": [
        363,
        380
      ],
      "change": [
        365
      ],
      "any": [
        366
      ],
      "animal's": [
        367
      ],
      "range": [
        368
      ],
      "movement": [
        370
      ],
      "locomotor": [
        372
      ],
      "patterns": [
        373
      ],
      "differ": [
        382
      ],
      "magnitude": [
        384
      ],
      "from": [
        385
      ],
      "naturally": [
        386
      ],
      "occurring": [
        387
      ],
      "injuries": [
        388
      ],
      "scars.": [
        390
      ],
      "unable": [
        393
      ],
      "perform": [
        395
      ],
      "histological": [
        396
      ],
      "examinations": [
        397
      ],
      "these": [
        399
      ],
      "similar": [
        405
      ],
      "granulomas": [
        407
      ],
      "reported": [
        408
      ],
      "investigators": [
        411
      ],
      "administration": [
        413
      ],
      "adjuvant.": [
        416
      ]
    },
    "apc_list": null,
    "apc_paid": null,
    "authorships": [
      {
        "author_position": "first",
        "author": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039716379",
          "display_name": "James E. Roelle",
          "orcid": null
        },
        "institutions": [],
        "countries": [],
        "is_corresponding": false,
        "raw_author_name": "James E. Roelle",
        "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
        "affiliations": []
      },
      {
        "author_position": "last",
        "author": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091718166",
          "display_name": "Jason I. Ransom",
          "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004"
        },
        "institutions": [],
        "countries": [],
        "is_corresponding": false,
        "raw_author_name": "Jason I. Ransom",
        "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
        "affiliations": []
      }
    ],
    "best_oa_location": null,
    "biblio": {
      "volume": null,
      "issue": null,
      "first_page": null,
      "last_page": null
    },
    "citation_normalized_percentile": {
      "value": 0.751356,
      "is_in_top_1_percent": false,
      "is_in_top_10_percent": false
    },
    "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W204552545",
    "cited_by_count": 15,
    "cited_by_percentile_year": {
      "min": 87,
      "max": 88
    },
    "concepts": [
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/c2777863537",
        "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896",
        "display_name": "Adjuvant",
        "level": 2,
        "score": 0.53307676,
        "qid": null
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/c71924100",
        "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190",
        "display_name": "Medicine",
        "level": 0,
        "score": 0.50210094,
        "qid": "Q166104"
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/c194775826",
        "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542",
        "display_name": "Herd",
        "level": 2,
        "score": 0.4931135,
        "qid": null
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/c159654299",
        "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460",
        "display_name": "Antibody",
        "level": 2,
        "score": 0.45817587,
        "qid": null
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/c42407357",
        "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521",
        "display_name": "Physiology",
        "level": 1,
        "score": 0.37174314,
        "qid": "Q166144"
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/c203014093",
        "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929",
        "display_name": "Immunology",
        "level": 1,
        "score": 0.34580028,
        "qid": "Q166282"
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/c42972112",
        "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201",
        "display_name": "Veterinary medicine",
        "level": 1,
        "score": 0.33454573,
        "qid": "Q166106"
      }
    ],
    "corresponding_author_ids": [],
    "corresponding_institution_ids": [],
    "countries_distinct_count": 0,
    "counts_by_year": [
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "cited_by_count": 2
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "cited_by_count": 1
      }
    ],
    "created_date": "2016-06-24",
    "datasets": [],
    "display_name": "Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
    "fwci": 1.246,
    "grants": [],
    "has_fulltext": false,
    "id": "https://openalex.org/W204552545",
    "ids": {
      "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W204552545",
      "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
      "mag": "204552545"
    },
    "indexed_in": [
      "crossref"
    ],
    "institutions_distinct_count": 0,
    "is_paratext": false,
    "is_retracted": false,
    "keywords": [
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/horse-nutrition",
        "display_name": "Horse Nutrition",
        "score": 0.492125
      }
    ],
    "language": "en",
    "locations": [
      {
        "is_oa": false,
        "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
        "pdf_url": null,
        "source": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
          "display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
          "issn_l": "2328-0328",
          "issn": [
            "2328-0328",
            "2328-031X",
            "2332-5607"
          ],
          "is_oa": false,
          "is_in_doaj": false,
          "is_core": false,
          "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
          "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
          "host_organization_lineage": [
            "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
            "https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
          ],
          "host_organization_lineage_names": [
            "United States Geological Survey",
            "United States Department of the Interior"
          ],
          "type": "journal"
        },
        "license": null,
        "license_id": null,
        "version": null,
        "is_accepted": false,
        "is_published": false
      }
    ],
    "locations_count": 1,
    "mesh": [],
    "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W204552545/ngrams",
    "open_access": {
      "is_oa": false,
      "oa_status": "closed",
      "oa_url": null,
      "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
    },
    "primary_location": {
      "is_oa": false,
      "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
      "pdf_url": null,
      "source": {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
        "display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
        "issn_l": "2328-0328",
        "issn": [
          "2328-0328",
          "2328-031X",
          "2332-5607"
        ],
        "is_oa": false,
        "is_in_doaj": false,
        "is_core": false,
        "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
        "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
        "host_organization_lineage": [
          "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
          "https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
        ],
        "host_organization_lineage_names": [
          "United States Geological Survey",
          "United States Department of the Interior"
        ],
        "type": "journal"
      },
      "license": null,
      "license_id": null,
      "version": null,
      "is_accepted": false,
      "is_published": false
    },
    "primary_topic": {
      "id": "https://openalex.org/T10872",
      "display_name": "Equine Health and Welfare",
      "score": 0.9997,
      "subfield": {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3402",
        "display_name": "Equine"
      },
      "field": {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34",
        "display_name": "Veterinary"
      },
      "domain": {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4",
        "display_name": "Health Sciences"
      }
    },
    "publication_date": "2009-01-01",
    "publication_year": 2009,
    "referenced_works": [
      "https://openalex.org/W2009746224",
      "https://openalex.org/W2020905105",
      "https://openalex.org/W2037177370",
      "https://openalex.org/W2092691854",
      "https://openalex.org/W2148023411",
      "https://openalex.org/W2315165414",
      "https://openalex.org/W2315236486",
      "https://openalex.org/W2316870207",
      "https://openalex.org/W2320092124",
      "https://openalex.org/W2320382677",
      "https://openalex.org/W2403964362",
      "https://openalex.org/W2823940136",
      "https://openalex.org/W626309003",
      "https://openalex.org/W94202506"
    ],
    "referenced_works_count": 14,
    "related_works": [
      "https://openalex.org/W4367624790",
      "https://openalex.org/W2766610214",
      "https://openalex.org/W2604728028",
      "https://openalex.org/W2550058754",
      "https://openalex.org/W2349999257",
      "https://openalex.org/W2185737824",
      "https://openalex.org/W2090730509",
      "https://openalex.org/W2082227805",
      "https://openalex.org/W2061622709",
      "https://openalex.org/W1989785464"
    ],
    "sustainable_development_goals": [
      {
        "score": 0.54,
        "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14",
        "display_name": "Life below water"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine",
    "topics": [
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10872",
        "display_name": "Equine Health and Welfare",
        "score": 0.9997,
        "subfield": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3402",
          "display_name": "Equine"
        },
        "field": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34",
          "display_name": "Veterinary"
        },
        "domain": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4",
          "display_name": "Health Sciences"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T12934",
        "display_name": "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis",
        "score": 0.9928,
        "subfield": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105",
          "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"
        },
        "field": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11",
          "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"
        },
        "domain": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
          "display_name": "Life Sciences"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T12756",
        "display_name": "Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Toxicity, Metabolism, and Health Implications",
        "score": 0.9907,
        "subfield": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312",
          "display_name": "Molecular Biology"
        },
        "field": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13",
          "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"
        },
        "domain": {
          "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
          "display_name": "Life Sciences"
        }
      }
    ],
    "type": "article",
    "type_crossref": "journal-article",
    "updated_date": "2024-08-10T20:42:48.535669",
    "versions": [],
    "qid": "Q65078"
  }
}

Latest revision as of 02:01, 15 August 2024

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "schema": {
     "@context": "https://schema.org",
     "@type": "CreativeWork",
     "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series",
     "name": "Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine",
     "identifier": [
       {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
         "value": "sir20095038",
         "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20095038"
       },
       {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
         "value": 97335
       },
       {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "DOI",
         "value": "10.3133/sir20095038",
         "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038"
       }
     ],
     "inLanguage": "en",
     "isPartOf": [
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
         "name": "Scientific Investigations Report"
       }
     ],
     "datePublished": "2009",
     "dateModified": "2012-02-02",
     "abstract": "The U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land Management are conducting research on the efficacy of the immunocontraceptive agent porcine zona pellucida (PZP) in reducing fertility of wild horses (Equus caballus). As an antigen, PZP stimulates antibody production when injected into many mammalian species. These antibodies bind to the external surface of the ovum, preventing fertilization. By itself, PZP is only weakly immunogenic and is therefore delivered with an adjuvant, most commonly one of the Freund adjuvants, designed to further stimulate antibody production. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in particular is known to be very effective, but may also be associated with undesirable side effects such as formation of abscesses at injection sites. Such reactions may be exacerbated when accompanied by the additional trauma of a remotely delivered dart. Because horses in our three study herds were individually identifiable by color markings and harem association, we were able to monitor mares for injection-site reactions (abscesses, nodules, swelling, and stiffness) following inoculation with PZP.\r\n\r\nIn 100 injections delivered by hand we observed a single nodule, two instances of swelling, and no other reactions. In two herds that received remotely delivered (dart) injections, the frequency of reactions was about 1 and 6 percent for abscesses, 25 percent for nodules (both herds), 11 and 33 percent for swelling, and 1 and 12 percent for stiffness. Abscesses were too infrequent to allow meaningful analysis of the relation to covariates, but for the other types of reactions we used logistic regression to examine the relation of occurrence to the delivery method (rifle or CO2-powered blowgun), adjuvant (FCA, Freund's modified adjuvant, and Freund's incomplete adjuvant), dart trauma (normal or abnormal), and age of mare. Abnormal dart trauma included cases where the dart hit bone or the needle broke off. We found strong evidence (odds ratio = 5.023, P = 0.001) for a higher probability of occurrence of swelling when darts were delivered by blowgun. We found some evidence (odds ratio = 8.729, P = 0.07) that abnormal dart trauma led to a higher frequency of nodule formation. Nodules were the most common reactions observed and often persisted for a year or more, but in our observations they did not appear to change any animal's range of movement or locomotor patterns and in most cases did not appear to differ in magnitude from naturally occurring injuries or scars. We were unable to perform histological examinations of these nodules, but they may be similar to granulomas reported by other investigators following administration of Freund's adjuvant.",
     "description": "iv, 15 p.",
     "publisher": {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
     },
     "author": [
       {
         "@type": "Person",
         "name": "Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov",
         "givenName": "James E.",
         "familyName": "Roelle",
         "email": "roelleb@usgs.gov",
         "affiliation": [
           {
             "@type": "Organization",
             "name": "Fort Collins Science Center",
             "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort-collins-science-center"
           }
         ]
       },
       {
         "@type": "Person",
         "name": "Ransom, Jason I.",
         "givenName": "Jason I.",
         "familyName": "Ransom",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "ORCID",
           "value": "0000-0002-5930-4004",
           "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004"
         }
       }
     ],
     "funder": [
       {
         "@type": "Organization",
         "name": "Fort Collins Science Center",
         "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort-collins-science-center"
       }
     ]
   }
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "The": [
       0
     ],
     "U.S.": [
       1
     ],
     "Geological": [
       2
     ],
     "Survey": [
       3
     ],
     "and": [
       4,
       64,
       142,
       157,
       178,
       198,
       210,
       215,
       217,
       265,
       274,
       348,
       374
     ],
     "the": [
       5,
       14,
       17,
       49,
       53,
       75,
       121,
       191,
       231,
       237,
       248,
       253,
       284,
       289,
       343
     ],
     "Bureau": [
       6
     ],
     "of": [
       7,
       16,
       27,
       52,
       74,
       108,
       124,
       176,
       193,
       230,
       240,
       250,
       276,
       308,
       310,
       338,
       369,
       398,
       414
     ],
     "Land": [
       8
     ],
     "Management": [
       9
     ],
     "are": [
       10
     ],
     "conducting": [
       11
     ],
     "research": [
       12
     ],
     "on": [
       13
     ],
     "efficacy": [
       15
     ],
     "immunocontraceptive": [
       18
     ],
     "agent": [
       19
     ],
     "porcine": [
       20
     ],
     "zona": [
       21
     ],
     "pellucida": [
       22
     ],
     "(PZP)": [
       23
     ],
     "in": [
       24,
       88,
       131,
       357,
       375,
       383
     ],
     "reducing": [
       25
     ],
     "fertility": [
       26
     ],
     "wild": [
       28
     ],
     "horses": [
       29,
       130
     ],
     "(Equus": [
       30
     ],
     "caballus).": [
       31
     ],
     "As": [
       32
     ],
     "an": [
       33,
       69
     ],
     "antigen,": [
       34
     ],
     "PZP": [
       35,
       59
     ],
     "stimulates": [
       36
     ],
     "antibody": [
       37,
       82
     ],
     "production": [
       38
     ],
     "when": [
       39,
       118,
       312
     ],
     "injected": [
       40
     ],
     "into": [
       41
     ],
     "many": [
       42
     ],
     "mammalian": [
       43
     ],
     "species.": [
       44
     ],
     "These": [
       45
     ],
     "antibodies": [
       46
     ],
     "bind": [
       47
     ],
     "to": [
       48,
       79,
       92,
       148,
       226,
       233,
       246,
       252,
       334,
       364,
       381,
       394,
       406
     ],
     "external": [
       50
     ],
     "surface": [
       51
     ],
     "ovum,": [
       54
     ],
     "preventing": [
       55
     ],
     "fertilization.": [
       56
     ],
     "By": [
       57
     ],
     "itself,": [
       58
     ],
     "is": [
       60,
       65,
       90
     ],
     "only": [
       61
     ],
     "weakly": [
       62
     ],
     "immunogenic": [
       63
     ],
     "therefore": [
       66
     ],
     "delivered": [
       67,
       127,
       166,
       188,
       315
     ],
     "with": [
       68,
       101,
       161
     ],
     "adjuvant,": [
       70,
       264
     ],
     "most": [
       71,
       344,
       376
     ],
     "commonly": [
       72
     ],
     "one": [
       73
     ],
     "Freund": [
       76
     ],
     "adjuvants,": [
       77
     ],
     "designed": [
       78
     ],
     "further": [
       80
     ],
     "stimulate": [
       81
     ],
     "production.": [
       83
     ],
     "Freund's": [
       84,
       262,
       266,
       415
     ],
     "complete": [
       85
     ],
     "adjuvant": [
       86,
       260
     ],
     "(FCA)": [
       87
     ],
     "particular": [
       89
     ],
     "known": [
       91
     ],
     "be": [
       93,
       99,
       116,
       404
     ],
     "very": [
       94
     ],
     "effective,": [
       95
     ],
     "but": [
       96,
       235,
       356,
       401
     ],
     "may": [
       97,
       115,
       403
     ],
     "also": [
       98
     ],
     "associated": [
       100
     ],
     "undesirable": [
       102
     ],
     "side": [
       103
     ],
     "effects": [
       104
     ],
     "such": [
       105
     ],
     "as": [
       106
     ],
     "formation": [
       107
     ],
     "abscesses": [
       109
     ],
     "at": [
       110
     ],
     "injection": [
       111
     ],
     "sites.": [
       112
     ],
     "Such": [
       113
     ],
     "reactions": [
       114,
       153,
       194,
       241,
       346
     ],
     "exacerbated": [
       117
     ],
     "accompanied": [
       119
     ],
     "by": [
       120,
       139,
       167,
       316,
       409
     ],
     "additional": [
       122
     ],
     "trauma": [
       123,
       270,
       280,
       332
     ],
     "a": [
       125,
       171,
       305,
       335,
       352
     ],
     "remotely": [
       126,
       187
     ],
     "dart.": [
       128
     ],
     "Because": [
       129
     ],
     "our": [
       132,
       358
     ],
     "three": [
       133
     ],
     "study": [
       134
     ],
     "herds": [
       135,
       184
     ],
     "were": [
       136,
       146,
       223,
       314,
       342,
       392
     ],
     "individually": [
       137
     ],
     "identifiable": [
       138
     ],
     "color": [
       140
     ],
     "markings": [
       141
     ],
     "harem": [
       143
     ],
     "association,": [
       144
     ],
     "we": [
       145,
       169,
       242
     ],
     "able": [
       147
     ],
     "monitor": [
       149
     ],
     "mares": [
       150
     ],
     "for": [
       151,
       201,
       205,
       213,
       220,
       236,
       304,
       351
     ],
     "injection-site": [
       152
     ],
     "(abscesses,": [
       154
     ],
     "nodules,": [
       155,
       400
     ],
     "swelling,": [
       156,
       177,
       214
     ],
     "stiffness)": [
       158
     ],
     "following": [
       159,
       412
     ],
     "inoculation": [
       160
     ],
     "PZP.": [
       162
     ],
     "In": [
       163,
       182
     ],
     "100": [
       164
     ],
     "injections": [
       165
     ],
     "hand": [
       168
     ],
     "observed": [
       170,
       347
     ],
     "single": [
       172
     ],
     "nodule,": [
       173
     ],
     "two": [
       174,
       183
     ],
     "instances": [
       175
     ],
     "no": [
       179
     ],
     "other": [
       180,
       238,
       410
     ],
     "reactions.": [
       181
     ],
     "that": [
       185,
       329
     ],
     "received": [
       186
     ],
     "(dart)": [
       189
     ],
     "injections,": [
       190
     ],
     "frequency": [
       192,
       337
     ],
     "was": [
       195
     ],
     "about": [
       196
     ],
     "1": [
       197,
       216
     ],
     "6": [
       199
     ],
     "percent": [
       200,
       204,
       212,
       219
     ],
     "abscesses,": [
       202
     ],
     "25": [
       203
     ],
     "nodules": [
       206
     ],
     "(both": [
       207
     ],
     "herds),": [
       208
     ],
     "11": [
       209
     ],
     "33": [
       211
     ],
     "12": [
       218
     ],
     "stiffness.": [
       221
     ],
     "Abscesses": [
       222
     ],
     "too": [
       224
     ],
     "infrequent": [
       225
     ],
     "allow": [
       227
     ],
     "meaningful": [
       228
     ],
     "analysis": [
       229
     ],
     "relation": [
       232,
       249
     ],
     "covariates,": [
       234
     ],
     "types": [
       239
     ],
     "used": [
       243
     ],
     "logistic": [
       244
     ],
     "regression": [
       245
     ],
     "examine": [
       247
     ],
     "occurrence": [
       251,
       309
     ],
     "delivery": [
       254
     ],
     "method": [
       255
     ],
     "(rifle": [
       256
     ],
     "or": [
       257,
       272,
       288,
       354,
       371,
       389
     ],
     "CO2-powered": [
       258
     ],
     "blowgun),": [
       259
     ],
     "(FCA,": [
       261
     ],
     "modified": [
       263
     ],
     "incomplete": [
       267
     ],
     "adjuvant),": [
       268
     ],
     "dart": [
       269,
       279,
       285,
       331
     ],
     "(normal": [
       271
     ],
     "abnormal),": [
       273
     ],
     "age": [
       275
     ],
     "mare.": [
       277
     ],
     "Abnormal": [
       278
     ],
     "included": [
       281
     ],
     "cases": [
       282,
       377
     ],
     "where": [
       283
     ],
     "hit": [
       286
     ],
     "bone": [
       287
     ],
     "needle": [
       290
     ],
     "broke": [
       291
     ],
     "off.": [
       292
     ],
     "We": [
       293,
       318,
       391
     ],
     "found": [
       294,
       319
     ],
     "strong": [
       295
     ],
     "evidence": [
       296,
       321
     ],
     "(odds": [
       297,
       322
     ],
     "ratio": [
       298,
       323
     ],
     "=": [
       299,
       302,
       324,
       327
     ],
     "5.023,": [
       300
     ],
     "P": [
       301,
       326
     ],
     "0.001)": [
       303
     ],
     "higher": [
       306,
       336
     ],
     "probability": [
       307
     ],
     "swelling": [
       311
     ],
     "darts": [
       313
     ],
     "blowgun.": [
       317
     ],
     "some": [
       320
     ],
     "8.729,": [
       325
     ],
     "0.07)": [
       328
     ],
     "abnormal": [
       330
     ],
     "led": [
       333
     ],
     "nodule": [
       339
     ],
     "formation.": [
       340
     ],
     "Nodules": [
       341
     ],
     "common": [
       345
     ],
     "often": [
       349
     ],
     "persisted": [
       350
     ],
     "year": [
       353
     ],
     "more,": [
       355
     ],
     "observations": [
       359
     ],
     "they": [
       360,
       402
     ],
     "did": [
       361,
       378
     ],
     "not": [
       362,
       379
     ],
     "appear": [
       363,
       380
     ],
     "change": [
       365
     ],
     "any": [
       366
     ],
     "animal's": [
       367
     ],
     "range": [
       368
     ],
     "movement": [
       370
     ],
     "locomotor": [
       372
     ],
     "patterns": [
       373
     ],
     "differ": [
       382
     ],
     "magnitude": [
       384
     ],
     "from": [
       385
     ],
     "naturally": [
       386
     ],
     "occurring": [
       387
     ],
     "injuries": [
       388
     ],
     "scars.": [
       390
     ],
     "unable": [
       393
     ],
     "perform": [
       395
     ],
     "histological": [
       396
     ],
     "examinations": [
       397
     ],
     "these": [
       399
     ],
     "similar": [
       405
     ],
     "granulomas": [
       407
     ],
     "reported": [
       408
     ],
     "investigators": [
       411
     ],
     "administration": [
       413
     ],
     "adjuvant.": [
       416
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": null,
   "apc_paid": null,
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039716379",
         "display_name": "James E. Roelle",
         "orcid": null
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "James E. Roelle",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091718166",
         "display_name": "Jason I. Ransom",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Jason I. Ransom",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": null,
   "biblio": {
     "volume": null,
     "issue": null,
     "first_page": null,
     "last_page": null
   },
   "citation_normalized_percentile": {
     "value": 0.751356,
     "is_in_top_1_percent": false,
     "is_in_top_10_percent": false
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W204552545",
   "cited_by_count": 15,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 87,
     "max": 88
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c2777863537",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896",
       "display_name": "Adjuvant",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.53307676,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c71924100",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190",
       "display_name": "Medicine",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.50210094,
       "qid": "Q166104"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c194775826",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542",
       "display_name": "Herd",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4931135,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c159654299",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460",
       "display_name": "Antibody",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.45817587,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c42407357",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521",
       "display_name": "Physiology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.37174314,
       "qid": "Q166144"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c203014093",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929",
       "display_name": "Immunology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.34580028,
       "qid": "Q166282"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c42972112",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201",
       "display_name": "Veterinary medicine",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.33454573,
       "qid": "Q166106"
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [],
   "countries_distinct_count": 0,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2019,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2018,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2017,
       "cited_by_count": 2
     },
     {
       "year": 2016,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2015,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2014,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2013,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2016-06-24",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
   "fwci": 1.246,
   "grants": [],
   "has_fulltext": false,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W204552545",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W204552545",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
     "mag": "204552545"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 0,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/horse-nutrition",
       "display_name": "Horse Nutrition",
       "score": 0.492125
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
         "display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
         "issn_l": "2328-0328",
         "issn": [
           "2328-0328",
           "2328-031X",
           "2332-5607"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
         "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
           "https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "United States Geological Survey",
           "United States Department of the Interior"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 1,
   "mesh": [],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W204552545/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "oa_status": "closed",
     "oa_url": null,
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999",
       "display_name": "Scientific investigations report",
       "issn_l": "2328-0328",
       "issn": [
         "2328-0328",
         "2328-031X",
         "2332-5607"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": false,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
       "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310319934",
         "https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "United States Geological Survey",
         "United States Department of the Interior"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": null,
     "license_id": null,
     "version": null,
     "is_accepted": false,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T10872",
     "display_name": "Equine Health and Welfare",
     "score": 0.9997,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3402",
       "display_name": "Equine"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34",
       "display_name": "Veterinary"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4",
       "display_name": "Health Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2009-01-01",
   "publication_year": 2009,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W2009746224",
     "https://openalex.org/W2020905105",
     "https://openalex.org/W2037177370",
     "https://openalex.org/W2092691854",
     "https://openalex.org/W2148023411",
     "https://openalex.org/W2315165414",
     "https://openalex.org/W2315236486",
     "https://openalex.org/W2316870207",
     "https://openalex.org/W2320092124",
     "https://openalex.org/W2320382677",
     "https://openalex.org/W2403964362",
     "https://openalex.org/W2823940136",
     "https://openalex.org/W626309003",
     "https://openalex.org/W94202506"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 14,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W4367624790",
     "https://openalex.org/W2766610214",
     "https://openalex.org/W2604728028",
     "https://openalex.org/W2550058754",
     "https://openalex.org/W2349999257",
     "https://openalex.org/W2185737824",
     "https://openalex.org/W2090730509",
     "https://openalex.org/W2082227805",
     "https://openalex.org/W2061622709",
     "https://openalex.org/W1989785464"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "score": 0.54,
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14",
       "display_name": "Life below water"
     }
   ],
   "title": "Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10872",
       "display_name": "Equine Health and Welfare",
       "score": 0.9997,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3402",
         "display_name": "Equine"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34",
         "display_name": "Veterinary"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4",
         "display_name": "Health Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12934",
       "display_name": "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis",
       "score": 0.9928,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105",
         "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11",
         "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
         "display_name": "Life Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12756",
       "display_name": "Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Toxicity, Metabolism, and Health Implications",
       "score": 0.9907,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312",
         "display_name": "Molecular Biology"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13",
         "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
         "display_name": "Life Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-10T20:42:48.535669",
   "versions": [],
   "qid": "Q65078"
 }

}