Item talk:Q48743

{

 "USGS Staff Profile": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Person",
   "dateModified": "2024-09-21T07:57:01.985372",
   "name": "Jeff P Raffensperger, Ph.D.",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "ORCID",
       "value": "0000-0001-9275-6646"
     }
   ],
   "jobTitle": "Hydrologist/Groundwater Scientist Emeritus",
   "hasOccupation": [
     {
       "@type": "OrganizationalRole",
       "startDate": "2024-09-21T07:57:01.991990",
       "affiliatedOrganization": {
         "@type": "Organization",
         "name": "Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center",
         "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/md-de-dc-water"
       },
       "roleName": "Hydrologist/Groundwater Scientist Emeritus"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "2009-present: HYDROLOGIST, USGS MD-DE-DC WSCMember, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Team, National Water Budget Estimation and Evaluation (WBEEP) Team, and the Water Budget Baseline (WBB) Team, investigating sources of streamflow."
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "2006-2023: GROUNDWATER SPECIALIST, USGS MD-DE-DC WSCResponsible for overall quality of groundwater science and data for the MD-DE-DC Water Science Center.Leader, Data Quality Management Team, 2014-2017. Member, 2017-present. Worked closely with database administrators to develop and implement data-quality assurance processes."
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "2004-09: HYDROLOGIST/RESEARCH HYDROLOGIST, USGS MD-DE-DC WSCProject chief, Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring project, 2005-07. Managed project resources and data collection at four major river water-quality sites. Developed new methods for analyzing and communicating results of load and trend estimation (using ESTIMATOR) to Cooperators."
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "1999-2004: SUPERVISORY HYDROLOGIST, USGS MD-DE-DC WSCSupervisory responsibility for the Watershed Studies Section. Wrote work plan and managed the DE Inland Bays HSPF model project. Co-authored Delaware Inland Bays HSPF model report. Developed new studies and wrote work plans for the Potomac TMDL, Mattawoman Creek, and Anacostia River water-quality projects."
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "2009-2022: LECTURER, The Johns Hopkins University, Engineering for Professionals, Baltimore, MD."
     }
   ],
   "description": [
     {
       "@type": "TextObject",
       "additionalType": "short description",
       "abstract": "Hydrologist/Groundwater Scientist Emeritus with the Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center"
     },
     {
       "@type": "TextObject",
       "additionalType": "staff profile page introductory statement",
       "abstract": "Dr. Jeff Raffensperger is a hydrologist in the MD-DE-DC Water Science Center. He has led or collaborated on studies of hydrologic processes, water quality, and modeling. He has been a member of several National Teams working to improve estimation of water budgets, with a research focus on groundwater discharge and base flow to streams and rivers."
     }
   ],
   "email": "jpraffen@usgs.gov",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/jeff-p-raffensperger",
   "affiliation": [],
   "hasCredential": [
     {
       "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
       "name": "Ph.D. in Hydrogeology, 1993, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"
     },
     {
       "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
       "name": "M.A. in Hydrogeology, 1990, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"
     },
     {
       "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
       "name": "M.S. in Geology, 1988, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"
     },
     {
       "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
       "name": "B.S. in Geology (Cum Laude), 1985, University of Maryland, College Park, MD"
     }
   ],
   "knowsAbout": [
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "groundwater"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "groundwater quality"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "groundwater modeling"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "water quality"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "watershed modeling"
     }
   ],
   "memberOf": {
     "@type": "OrganizationalRole",
     "name": "staff member",
     "member": {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
     },
     "startDate": "2024-09-21T07:57:01.985377"
   }
 },
 "ORCID": {
   "@context": "http://schema.org",
   "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646",
   "@reverse": {
     "creator": [
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1646",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1002/wat2.1646"
         },
         "name": "Uncertainties in measuring and estimating water\u2010budget components: Current state of the science"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225011",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20225011"
         },
         "name": "Geology, hydrology, and groundwater contamination in the vicinity of Central Chemical facility, Hagerstown, Maryland"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225054",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20225054"
         },
         "name": "Hydrogeologic characterization of Area B, Fort Detrick, Maryland"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1486",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/cir1486"
         },
         "name": "Nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay watershed\u2014A century of change, 1950\u20132050"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205104",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20205104"
         },
         "name": "Simulated effects of sea-level rise on the shallow, fresh groundwater system of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135225",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20135225"
         },
         "name": "Simulation of groundwater flow in the aquifer system of the Anacostia River and surrounding watersheds, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081629",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3390/w11081629"
         },
         "name": "Estimation of Base Flow by Optimal Hydrograph Separation for the Conterminous United States and Implications for National-Extent Hydrologic Models"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175034",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20175034"
         },
         "name": "Optimal hydrograph separation using a recursive digital filter constrained by chemical mass balance, with application to selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145140",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20145140"
         },
         "name": "Hydrogeologic characterization and assessment of bioremediation of chlorinated benzenes and benzene in wetland areas, Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2009-12"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Hydrogeologic framework, hydrology, and refined conceptual model of groundwater flow for Coastal Plain aquifers at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2005-12"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145224",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20145224"
         },
         "name": "Hydrogeologic framework, hydrology, and refined conceptual model of groundwater flow for Coastal Plain aquifers at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2005-12"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Elements of Physical Hydrology, 2nd Edition"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Hydrogeologic characterization and assessment of bioremediation of chlorinated benzenes and benzene in wetland areas, Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2009-12"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84867909533"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4 | Eaux souterraines anciennes dans certaines parties de l'aquif\u00e8re sup\u00e9rieur de Patapsco, Plaine Atlantique c\u00f4ti\u00e8re, Maryland, Etats-Unis d'Am\u00e9rique, \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es isotopiques du Carbone 14, Chlore 36 et H\u00e9lium 4"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Simulation of groundwater flow to assess future withdrawals associated with Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105186",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20105186"
         },
         "name": "Simulation of groundwater flow to assess future withdrawals associated with Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Effects of Withdrawals on Ground-Water Levels in Southern Maryland and the Adjacent Eastern Shore, 1980-2005"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075249",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20075249"
         },
         "name": "Effects of Withdrawals on Ground-Water Levels in Southern Maryland and the Adjacent Eastern Shore, 1980-2005"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Changes in Streamflow and Water Quality in Selected Nontidal Basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2004"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065178",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20065178"
         },
         "name": "Changes in streamflow and water quality in selected nontidal basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2004"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Development of Land Segmentation, Stream-Reach Network, and Watersheds in Support of Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) Modeling, Chesapeake Bay Watershed, and Adjacent Parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055073",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20055073"
         },
         "name": "Development of land segmentation, stream-reach network, and watersheds in support of hydrological simulation program: Fortran (HSPF) modeling, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065080",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20065080"
         },
         "name": "Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-27744503546"
         },
         "name": "Sediment calibration strategies of Phase 5 Chesapeake Bay watershed model"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-1242333304"
         },
         "name": "A hydrogeologic model of stratiform copper mineralization in the Midcontinent Rift System, Northern Michigan, USA"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Changes in streamflow and water quality in selected nontidal sites in the Chesapeake Bay Basin, 1985-2003"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045259",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/sir20045259"
         },
         "name": "Changes in streamflow and water quality in selected nontidal sites in the Chesapeake Bay Basin, 1985-2003"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(03)00109-2",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-15744394495"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/s0375-6742(03)00109-2"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Alaska: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Development, calibration, and analysis of a hydrologic and water-quality model of the Delaware Inland Bays watershed: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900278",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1029/2000wr900278"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-0034983760"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Modeling transport of dissolved silica in a forested headwater catchment: Implications for defining the hydrochemical response of observed flow pathways"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.254",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-0035394362"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1002/hyp.254"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Modelling transport of dissolved silica in a forested headwater catchment: The effect of hydrological and chemical time scales on hysteresis in the concentration-discharge relationship"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(01)00215-3",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/s0377-0273(01)00215-3"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-0035493175"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from coordinated geochemical and fluid flow models"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-0033860911"
         },
         "name": "Shallow subsurface storm flow in a forested headwater catchment: Observations and modeling using a modified TOPMODEL"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-0000823511"
         },
         "name": "The potential for free and mixed convection in sedimentary basins"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "name": "Elements of Physical Hydrology"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-0029768973"
         },
         "name": "Basin-scale hydrogeologic modeling"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1873-975x(96)80005-9",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-0000559365"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/s1873-975x(96)80005-9"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Chapter 3 Numerical simulation of sedimentary basin-scale hydrochemical processes"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1029/96rg00930",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84957568652"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1029/96rg00930"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Erratum: Basin-scale hydrogeologic modeling (Reviews of Geophysics (1996) 34: 1 (61-87))"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-0028870915"
         },
         "name": "The formation of unconformity-type uranium ore deposits 1. Coupled groundwater flow and heat transport modeling"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-0029412513"
         },
         "name": "The formation of unconformity-type uranium ore deposits 2. Coupled hydrochemical modeling"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1029/92wr01060",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1029/92wr01060"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-0027060716"
           }
         ],
         "name": "On the stream function for variable\u2010density groundwater flow"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1029/91wr01570",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-0026306537"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1029/91wr01570"
           }
         ],
         "name": "An Empirical Model of Intrinsic Permeability in Reactive Clay\u2010Bearing Sands"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-0025528522"
         },
         "name": "Permeant-induced changes in the permeability, microtexture, and pore structure of unconsolidated water-sensitive sediments"
       }
     ]
   },
   "@type": "Person",
   "affiliation": [
     {
       "@id": "https://doi.org/10.13039/100000201",
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "alternateName": "Environmental Sciences",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "RINGGOLD",
         "value": "2358"
       },
       "name": "University of Virginia"
     }
   ],
   "alumniOf": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "alternateName": "Geology",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "RINGGOLD",
         "value": "1466"
       },
       "name": "Johns Hopkins University"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "alternateName": "Geology",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "RINGGOLD",
         "value": "5779"
       },
       "name": "Louisiana State University"
     }
   ],
   "familyName": "Raffensperger",
   "givenName": "Jeff",
   "identifier": {
     "@type": "PropertyValue",
     "propertyID": "Scopus Author ID",
     "value": "7007112023"
   },
   "mainEntityOfPage": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646"
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "created_date": "2023-07-21",
   "display_name": "Jeff P. Raffensperger",
   "display_name_alternatives": [
     "Jeff Raffensperger",
     "Jeffrey P. Raffensperger",
     "Jeff P. Raffensperger",
     "J. Raffensperger",
     "J. P. Raffensperger"
   ],
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/A5089834631",
     "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646",
     "scopus": "http://www.scopus.com/inward/authorDetails.url?authorID=7007112023&partnerID=MN8TOARS"
   },
   "last_known_institutions": [
     {
       "country_code": "US",
       "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
       "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
       "lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
         "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
       ],
       "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
       "type": "government"
     }
   ],
   "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646",
   "topics": [
     {
       "count": 18,
       "display_name": "Groundwater Flow and Transport Modeling",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10894",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 14,
       "display_name": "Water Quality and Hydrogeology Research",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12773",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Water Science and Technology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2312"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 12,
       "display_name": "Hydrological Modeling and Water Resource Management",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10330",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Water Science and Technology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2312"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 9,
       "display_name": "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11311",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 8,
       "display_name": "Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Gas Reservoirs",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10635",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 7,
       "display_name": "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10398",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 7,
       "display_name": "Characterization of Shale Gas Pore Structure",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10399",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Mechanics of Materials",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2211"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 5,
       "display_name": "Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Formations",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11302",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 3,
       "display_name": "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10716",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Civil and Structural Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2205"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 3,
       "display_name": "Importance and Conservation of Freshwater Biodiversity",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10302",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Global Flood Risk Assessment and Management",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10930",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Ecological Dynamics of Riverine Landscapes",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10577",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Ecology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Advanced Techniques in Reservoir Management",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11801",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Ocean Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2212"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10230",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Tectonic and Geochronological Evolution of Orogens",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10001",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Geological Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13067",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Life Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10889",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Soil Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1111"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 2,
       "display_name": "Climate Change and Paleoclimatology",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10017",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Atmospheric Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 1,
       "display_name": "Microbial Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10324",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Pollution",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2310"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 1,
       "display_name": "Application of Stable Isotopes in Trophic Ecology",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12073",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Ecology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 1,
       "display_name": "Impacts of Climate Change on Glaciers and Water Availability",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10644",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Atmospheric Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 1,
       "display_name": "Seismic Waveform Inversion in Geophysics",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10271",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 1,
       "display_name": "Seismicity and Tectonic Plate Interactions",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10110",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 1,
       "display_name": "Karst Hydrogeology and Geohazards",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12083",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Earth-Surface Processes",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1904"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 1,
       "display_name": "Sedimentary Processes in Earth's Geology",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10965",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Earth-Surface Processes",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1904"
       }
     }
   ],
   "updated_date": "2024-05-23T15:58:09.535634"
 }

}