Item talk:Q46485

{

 "USGS Staff Profile": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Person",
   "dateModified": "2024-09-21T07:56:04.425778",
   "name": "Paul C. Hackley, Ph.D.",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "ORCID",
       "value": "0000-0002-5957-2551"
     }
   ],
   "jobTitle": "Research Geologist",
   "hasOccupation": [
     {
       "@type": "OrganizationalRole",
       "startDate": "2024-09-21T07:56:04.433498",
       "affiliatedOrganization": {
         "@type": "Organization",
         "name": "Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center",
         "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
       },
       "roleName": "Research Geologist"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "Unconventional petroleum systems"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "Conventional oil and gas assessment"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "Coalbed methane"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "Coal"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Occupation",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed professional experience",
       "name": "Application of organic petrology techniques to fossil fuel resource assessment"
     }
   ],
   "description": [
     {
       "@type": "TextObject",
       "additionalType": "short description",
       "abstract": "Research Geologist with the Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center"
     },
     {
       "@type": "TextObject",
       "additionalType": "staff profile page introductory statement",
       "abstract": "Paul Hackley is a Research Geologist with the USGS Geology, Energy & Minerals (GEM) Science Center in Reston, VA."
     },
     {
       "@type": "TextObject",
       "additionalType": "personal statement",
       "abstract": "As project chief of the Thermal Indices project I pursue research on thermal maturity, chemical composition and physical state of sedimentary organic matter. The Thermal Indices project is part of the Geology, Energy & Minerals (GEM) Science Center and is funded by the Energy Resources Program (ERP). The Thermal Indices project team develops and applies petrographic methods for the reliable identification of different types of sedimentary organic matter, and measures and interprets the response of organic matter to thermal stress in natural environments and in laboratory-based heating experiments. Improved understanding of the thermal evolution of sedimentary organic matter enables more accurate assessment of petroleum source rock maturation, thereby decreasing uncertainty in the determination of thermal histories, the timing of petroleum generation and the placement of resource assessment spatial boundaries. This leads to the overall goal of improving estimates of undiscovered petroleum resources, which is a central mission of the ERP.My work focuses on four integrated research task areas which have petrographic approaches to thermal indices as their common denominator: 1) standardization and reproducibility of measurement, 2) utilization of hydrous pyrolysis for (artificial) thermal conversion of sedimentary organic matter, 3) petrographic innovation areas for thermal indices and organic evolution, and 4) petrographic laboratory support.Thermal indices research is accomplished from the Organic Petrology and Hydrous Pyrolysis laboratories in Reston. The laboratories include facilities for sample preparation, hydrous pyrolysis, optical and fluorescence microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The Thermal Indices project team works with external collaborators from global academic, government and industry groups. All thermal indices research efforts reach toward the goal of improving fossil fuel resource assessments by generating new understanding of the processes occurring during thermal evolution of sedimentary organic matter and its conversion to petroleum."
     }
   ],
   "email": "phackley@usgs.gov",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/paul-c-hackley",
   "affiliation": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "The Society for Organic Petrology (TSOP)"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP)"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Geological Society of America (GSA)"
     }
   ],
   "hasCredential": [
     {
       "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
       "name": "Ph.D., George Mason University"
     },
     {
       "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
       "name": "M.S., George Washington University"
     },
     {
       "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
       "name": "B.A., Shippensburg State University"
     }
   ],
   "knowsAbout": [
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "Organic petrology"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "Thermal indices"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "Organic geochemistry"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "Petroleum geochemistry"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Thing",
       "additionalType": "self-claimed expertise",
       "name": "Petroleum geology"
     }
   ],
   "memberOf": {
     "@type": "OrganizationalRole",
     "name": "staff member",
     "member": {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
     },
     "startDate": "2024-09-21T07:56:04.425781"
   }
 },
 "ORCID": {
   "@context": "http://schema.org",
   "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551",
   "@reverse": {
     "creator": [
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105368",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105368"
         },
         "name": "Hydrous pyrolysis of New Albany Shale: A study examining maturation changes and porosity development"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c04310",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c04310"
         },
         "name": "Organo-Facies and Mineral Effects on Sorption Capacity of Low-Maturity Permian Barakar Shales from the Auranga Basin, Jharkhand, India"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118627",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118627"
         },
         "name": "Investigating the effects of broad ion beam milling to sedimentary organic matter: Surface flattening or heat-induced aromatization and condensation?"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00963",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00963"
         },
         "name": "Nanoscale Molecular Composition of Solid Bitumen from the Eagle Ford Group across a Natural Thermal Maturity Gradient"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104172",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104172"
         },
         "name": "Testing reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in North American unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104086",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104086"
         },
         "name": "Organic petrography of Leonardian (Wolfcamp A) mudrocks and carbonates, Midland Basin, Texas: The fate of oil-prone sedimentary organic matter in the oil window"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02389",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02389"
         },
         "name": "Experimental Study on the Impact of Thermal Maturity on Shale Microstructures Using Hydrous Pyrolysis"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02518",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02518"
         },
         "name": "Nanoscale Molecular Fractionation of Organic Matter within Unconventional Petroleum Source Beds"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183074",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/fs20183074"
         },
         "name": "Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the South Florida basin, 2016"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02171",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02171"
         },
         "name": "Application of Raman Spectroscopy as Thermal Maturity Probe in Shale Petroleum Systems: Insights from Natural and Artificial Maturation Series"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.05.003",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1016/j.marchem.2018.05.003"
         },
         "name": "DDT and related compounds in pore water of shallow sediments on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California, USA"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2017.10.001",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2017.10.001"
         },
         "name": "Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones: Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183043",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/fs20183043"
         },
         "name": "Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa marine shale of the U.S. Gulf Coast, 2018"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12576",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.1111/jmi.12576"
         },
         "name": "Utilization of integrated correlative light and electron microscopy (iCLEM) for imaging sedimentary organic matter"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.015",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.015"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84906222841"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Standardization of reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter: Results of an exercise to improve interlaboratory agreement"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.007",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84905616769"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.007"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Corrigendum to \"Petrographic maturity parameters of a Devonian shale maturation series, Appalachian Basin, USA. ICCP Thermal Indices Working Group interlaboratory exercise\" [Int. J. Coal Geol. 130 (2014) 89-101] (DOI:10.1016/j.coal.2014.05.002)"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.12.005",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.cretres.2013.12.005"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84894237189"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.001",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.001"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84904695547"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Organic petrology of the Aptian-age section in the downdip Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, Mississippi, USA: Observations and preliminary implications for thermal maturation history"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.05.002",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2014.05.002"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84904677308"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Petrographic maturity parameters of a Devonian shale maturation series, Appalachian Basin, USA: ICCP thermal indices working group interlaboratory exercise"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.012",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.012"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84906589774"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Pore characteristics of Wilcox Group Coal, U.S. Gulf Coast Region: Implications for the occurrence of coalbed gas"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.09.012",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2012.09.012"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84879086464"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Development of web-based organic petrology photomicrograph atlases and internet resources for professionals and students"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.09.007",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2012.09.007"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84874313295"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Preface"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.032",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.032"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84878360172"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Thermal maturity of northern Appalachian Basin Devonian shales: Insights from sterane and terpane biomarkers"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-84899089315"
         },
         "name": "Vitrinite reflectance versus pyrolysis Tmax data: Assessing thermal maturity in shale plays with special reference to the Duvernay shale play of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Alberta, Canada"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121151",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20121151"
         },
         "name": "Database of the United States Coal Pellet Collection of the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Petrology Laboratory"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121144",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20121144"
         },
         "name": "Geologic assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources--Middle Eocene Claiborne Group, United States part of the Gulf of Mexico Basin"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1306/11221111071",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84865379607"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1306/11221111071"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Geological and geochemical characterization of the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation, Maverick Basin, south Texas: A future shale gas resource?"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.02.008",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.02.008"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84859758959"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Organic geochemistry and petrology of subsurface Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox and Claiborne Group coal beds, Zavala County, Maverick Basin, Texas, USA"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.02.004",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84863189279"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2012.02.004"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Review and update of the applications of organic petrology: Part 1, geological applications"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.03.005",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2012.03.005"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84861331807"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Review and update of the applications of organic petrology: Part 2, geological and multidisciplinary applications"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.07.012",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2012.07.012"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-84868089194"
           }
         ],
         "name": "The nature of porosity in organic-rich mudstones of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation, North Sea, offshore United Kingdom"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15567030903330728",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-79952611328"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1080/15567030903330728"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Organic geochemical investigation and coal-bed methane characteristics of the Guasare coals (Paso Diablo mine, western Venezuela)"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.01.001",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2011.01.001"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-79954604741"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Reply to Effect of concentration of organic matter on optical maturity parameters. Interlaboratory results of the organic matter concentration working group of the ICCP. Discussion by Vinay K. Sahay"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1306/04061009139",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-78149325400"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1306/04061009139"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources, onshore Claiborne Group, United Statespart of the northern Gulf of Mexico Basin"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2010.07.005",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2010.07.005"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-78649854829"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Effect of concentration of dispersed organic matter on optical maturity parameters: Interlaboratory results of the organic matter concentration working group of the ICCP."
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.1206(31)",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-79960098406"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1130/2010.1206(31)"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Mesoproterozoic magmatism and deformation in the northern Blue Ridge, Virginia and Maryland: Application of SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and integrated field studies in the definition of Grenvillian tectonic history"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.12.007",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-77950628295"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2009.12.007"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Organic petrology of subbituminous carbonaceous shale samples from Chalaw, Kabul Province, Afghanistan: Considerations for paleoenvironment and energy resource potential"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091153",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20091153"
         },
         "name": "Geologic Map of the Shenandoah National Park Region, Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091220",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20091220"
         },
         "name": "Preliminary vitrinite and bitumen reflectance, total organic carbon, and pyrolysis data for samples from Upper and Lower Cretaceous strata, Maverick Basin, south Texas"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.006",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.006"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-58249088889"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Thermal maturity and organic composition of Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales, north-central Texas: Implications for coalbed gas potential"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.009",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.009"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-51249085398"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Biogenic origin of coalbed gas in the northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, U.S.A."
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081230",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20081230"
         },
         "name": "Petrographic and Vitrinite Reflectance Analyses of a Suite of High Volatile Bituminous Coal Samples from the United States and Venezuela"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073066",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/fs20073066"
         },
         "name": "Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Tertiary strata of the Gulf Coast, 2007"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071313",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20071313"
         },
         "name": "Coal Rank and Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian Coal and Coaly Shale Samples, Young County, North-Central Texas"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.2475/04.2007.04",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.2475/04.2007.04"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-34547737102"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Northward extension of Carolina slate belt stratigraphy and structure, South-Central Virginia: Results from geologic mapping"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.009",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.009"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-34247148070"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Organic petrology and coalbed gas content, Wilcox Group (Paleocene-Eocene), northern Louisiana"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.002",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.002"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-34249032508"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Organic petrology of Paleocene Marcelina Formation coals, Paso Diablo mine, western Venezuela: Tectonic controls on coal type"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071061",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20071061"
         },
         "name": "Results from Coalbed Methane Drilling in Winn Parish, Louisiana"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071312",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20071312"
         },
         "name": "Thermal Maturity of Pennsylvanian Coals and Coaly Shales, Eastern Shelf and Fort Worth Basin, Texas"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061213",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20061213"
         },
         "name": "Analytical results from samples collected during coal-bed methane exploration drilling in Caldwell Parish, Louisiana"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ds199",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ds199"
         },
         "name": "Digital geologic map and GIS database of Venezuela"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061109",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20061109"
         },
         "name": "Mapa Geologico de Venezuela a Escala 1:750,000"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061155",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20061155"
         },
         "name": "Reflectance measurements of well cuttings from Ashley and Bradley Counties, Arkansas"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061078",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20061078"
         },
         "name": "Review of lignite resources of western Tennessee and the Jackson Purchase area, western Kentucky"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051038",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20051038"
         },
         "name": "Geologic shaded relief map of Venezuela"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051144",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20051144"
         },
         "name": "Huminite reflectance measurements of Paleocene and Upper Cretaceous coals from borehole cuttings, Zavala and Dimmit counties, South Texas"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051134",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20051134"
         },
         "name": "Organic petrography of coals from a coalbed methane test well, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.006",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-21644457998"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.006"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-15844363100"
         },
         "name": "Coal quality and trace element characteristics of samples from the Sohagpur coal field, north-Central India"
       },
       {
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "eid",
           "value": "2-s2.0-15844389512"
         },
         "name": "Coal quality of selected Korean coal basins"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041322",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr20041322"
         },
         "name": "Digital shaded-relief map of Venezuela"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-1197-5.647",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": [
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "doi",
             "value": "10.1130/0-8137-1197-5.647"
           },
           {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "propertyID": "eid",
             "value": "2-s2.0-80055093168"
           }
         ],
         "name": "Petrologic and geochronologic evolution of the Grenville orogen, northern Blue Ridge Province, Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00263",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr00263"
         },
         "name": "A hiker's guide to the geology of Old Rag Mountain, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99423",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr99423"
         },
         "name": "Geologic map of the Green Bay 7.5-minute quadrangle, Prince Edward County, Virginia"
       },
       {
         "@id": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98764",
         "@type": "CreativeWork",
         "identifier": {
           "@type": "PropertyValue",
           "propertyID": "doi",
           "value": "10.3133/ofr98764"
         },
         "name": "Reconnaissance bedrock geologic map of the Keysville 7.5-minute quadrangle, Prince Edward, Charlotte, and Lunenburg Counties, Virginia"
       }
     ]
   },
   "@type": "Person",
   "alumniOf": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "alternateName": "Geography",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "RINGGOLD",
         "value": "7324"
       },
       "name": "Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "alternateName": "Geology",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "RINGGOLD",
         "value": "8367"
       },
       "name": "George Washington University"
     }
   ],
   "familyName": "Hackley",
   "givenName": "Paul",
   "identifier": {
     "@type": "PropertyValue",
     "propertyID": "Scopus Author ID",
     "value": "8587026000"
   },
   "mainEntityOfPage": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551"
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "created_date": "2023-07-21",
   "display_name": "Paul C. Hackley",
   "display_name_alternatives": [
     "P. Hackley",
     "Paul C. Hackley",
     "Paul Christopher Hackley",
     "P. C. Hackley",
     "Paul Hackley"
   ],
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/A5044117230",
     "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551",
     "scopus": "http://www.scopus.com/inward/authorDetails.url?authorID=8587026000&partnerID=MN8TOARS"
   },
   "last_known_institutions": [
     {
       "country_code": "US",
       "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
       "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
       "lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
         "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
       ],
       "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
       "type": "government"
     }
   ],
   "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551",
   "topics": [
     {
       "count": 133,
       "display_name": "Characterization of Shale Gas Pore Structure",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10399",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Mechanics of Materials",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2211"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 58,
       "display_name": "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11588",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 53,
       "display_name": "Petroleum Chemistry and Analysis",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Chemistry",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11630",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1602"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 31,
       "display_name": "Coalbed Methane Recovery and Utilization Practices",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11284",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Ocean Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2212"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 28,
       "display_name": "Machine Learning for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Computer Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12157",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 18,
       "display_name": "Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Gas Reservoirs",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10635",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 18,
       "display_name": "Geological Evolution of the Arctic Region",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13193",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1907"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 17,
       "display_name": "Geochemistry and Utilization of Coal and Coal Byproducts",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12218",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 15,
       "display_name": "Anaerobic Methane Oxidation and Gas Hydrates",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10995",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 12,
       "display_name": "Pore-scale Imaging and Enhanced Oil Recovery",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10491",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Ocean Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2212"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 11,
       "display_name": "Climate Change and Paleoclimatology",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10017",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Atmospheric Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 7,
       "display_name": "Tectonic and Geochronological Evolution of Orogens",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10001",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 7,
       "display_name": "Geodynamics of the Northern Andes and Caribbean Region",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13404",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 6,
       "display_name": "Biomedical Applications of Spectroscopy Techniques",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Life Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11324",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Biophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1304"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 6,
       "display_name": "Comminution in Mineral Processing",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12282",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 5,
       "display_name": "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applications in Various Fields",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12603",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Nuclear and High Energy Physics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3106"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 5,
       "display_name": "Chemometrics in Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Chemistry",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10640",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1602"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 5,
       "display_name": "Future Development of China's Coal Industry",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Energy",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/21"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T14428",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Fuel Technology",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2103"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 5,
       "display_name": "Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Formations",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11302",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Environmental Engineering",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 4,
       "display_name": "Diversity and Applications of Cyperus Species",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Life Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13015",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Plant Science",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 3,
       "display_name": "Paleoceanography and Geology of the Black Sea",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T14047",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Oceanography",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1910"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 3,
       "display_name": "Formation and Evolution of the Solar System",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10325",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Astronomy and Astrophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3103"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 3,
       "display_name": "Global Energy Transition and Fossil Fuel Depletion",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Energy",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/21"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12639",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2105"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 3,
       "display_name": "Energy, Climate Change, and Environmental Impact Assessment",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Energy",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/21"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13870",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2105"
       }
     },
     {
       "count": 3,
       "display_name": "Seismicity and Tectonic Plate Interactions",
       "domain": {
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3"
       },
       "field": {
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19"
       },
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10110",
       "subfield": {
         "display_name": "Geophysics",
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908"
       }
     }
   ],
   "updated_date": "2024-05-22T16:30:34.220325"
 }

}