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    "name": "Human-induced and natural carbon storage in floodplains of the Central Valley of California",
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    "abstract": "Active floodplains can putatively store large amounts of\u00a0organic carbon\u00a0(SOC) in\u00a0subsoils\u00a0originating from\u00a0catchment\u00a0erosion processes with subsequent floodplain deposition. Our study focussed on the assessment of SOC pools associated with alluvial floodplain soils that are affected by human-induced changes in floodplain deposition and in situ SOC\u00a0mineralisation\u00a0due to\u00a0land use change\u00a0and drainage. We evaluated depth-dependent SOC contents based on 23 soil cores down to 3\u202fm and 10 drillings down to 7\u202fm in a floodplain area of the lower Cosumnes River. An estimate of 266\u202fMg\u202fC\u202fha\u22121\u00a0or about 59% of the entire SOC stored within the 7\u202fm profiles was found in the upper 2\u202fm. Most profiles (n\u202f=\u202f25) contained discrete buried A horizons at depths of approximately 0.8\u202fm. These profiles had up to 130% higher SOC stocks. The mean \u03b413C of all deep\u00a0soil profiles\u00a0clearly indicated that\u00a0arable land\u00a0use has already altered the stable isotopic signature in the first meter of the profile.\u00a0Radiocarbon dating\u00a0showed that the\u00a014C age in the buried horizon was younger than in overlaying soils indicating a substantial\u00a0sedimentation\u00a0phase for the overlaying soils. An additional analysis of total mercury contents in the soil profiles indicated that this sedimentation was associated with upstream hydraulic gold mining after the 1850s. In summary, deep\u00a0alluvial soils\u00a0in floodplains store large amounts of SOC not yet accounted for in global carbon models. Historic data give evidence that large amounts of sediment were transported into the floodplains of most rivers of the Central Valley and deposited over organically rich topsoil, which promoted the stabilization of SOC, and needs to be considered to improve our understanding of the human-induced interference with C cycling.",
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